The board of directors of ION Acquisition Corp. 1 Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company (“ION”), has unanimously approved the agreement and plan of merger (“Merger Agreement”), dated as of January 25, 2021, by and among ION, Taboola.com Ltd., a company organized under the laws of the State of Israel (the “Company” or “Taboola”), and Toronto Sub Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (“Merger Sub”). Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into ION, with ION surviving the merger (the “Business Combination”). As a result of the Business Combination, and upon consummation of the Business Combination and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement (the “Transactions”), ION will become a wholly owned subsidiary of Taboola, with the securityholders of ION becoming securityholders of Taboola.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the Business Combination (the “Effective Time”), (a) each issued and outstanding unit of ION (an “ION Unit”), consisting of one Class A ordinary share of ION, par value $0.0001 per share, of ION (“Class A Ordinary Shares”) and one-fifth of one warrant of ION entitling the holder to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share per warrant at a price of $11.50 per share (“ION Warrants”), will be automatically separated and the holder thereof will be deemed to hold one Class A Ordinary Share and one-fifth of one ION Warrant, (b) each Class A Ordinary Share outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time will be exchanged for one ordinary share no par value per share of Taboola (“Taboola Ordinary Shares”), (c) each Class B ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, of ION (“Class B Ordinary Shares” and, together with Class A Ordinary Shares, “ION Ordinary Shares”), outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, will be exchanged for one Taboola Ordinary Share and (d) each ION Warrant outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, will be assumed by Taboola and will become a warrant of Taboola (“Taboola Warrants”).

Prior to the Effective Time, each outstanding Taboola convertible preferred share will be converted into Taboola Ordinary Shares in accordance with Taboola’s organizational documents and Taboola intends to effect a 1-for-2.7007 forward stock split to cause the value of the outstanding Taboola Ordinary Shares immediately prior to the Effective Time to equal $10.00 per share (the “Stock Split”).

Concurrently with and following the execution of the Merger Agreement, Taboola and certain accredited investors (“PIPE Investors”) entered into a series of subscription agreements (“Subscription Agreements”), providing for the purchase by the PIPE Investors at the Effective Time of an aggregate of 13,500,000 Taboola Ordinary Shares (“PIPE Shares”) at a price per share of $10.00 (assuming the Stock Split has been effected), for gross proceeds to Taboola of $135,000,000 (collectively, the “PIPE”). The closing of the PIPE is conditioned upon the consummation of the Transactions.

Concurrently with and following the execution of the Merger Agreement, Taboola and certain accredited investors (the “Secondary Investors”) entered into share purchase agreements with certain shareholders of Taboola (the “Secondary Share Purchase Agreements”) pursuant which the Secondary Investors committed to purchase Taboola Ordinary Shares from certain shareholders of Taboola, and, under certain circumstances, from Taboola, an aggregate of up to 15,120,000 Taboola Ordinary Shares (the “Secondary Shares”) at a price per share of $10.00 (assuming the Stock Split has been effected), for gross proceeds up to of $151,200,000 (the “Secondary Purchases”).

This proxy statement/prospectus covers the Taboola Ordinary Shares issuable to the securityholders of ION as described above. Accordingly, we are registering up to an aggregate of 32,343,750 Taboola Ordinary Shares and 12,350,000 Taboola Ordinary Shares issuable upon the exercise of the Taboola Warrants. We are not registering the Taboola Ordinary Shares held by or issuable to Taboola securityholders or the PIPE Investors.

Proposals to approve the Merger Agreement and the other matters discussed in this proxy statement/prospectus will be presented at the extraordinary general meeting of ION shareholders scheduled to be held on June 28, 2021, in virtual format.

Although Taboola is not currently a public reporting company, following the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this proxy statement/prospectus is a part and the closing of the Business Combination, Taboola will become subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Taboola intends to apply for listing of the Taboola Ordinary Shares and Taboola Warrants on the Nasdaq Global Market (“Nasdaq”) under the proposed symbols “TBLA” and “TBLAW,” respectively, to be effective at the consummation of the Business Combination. It is a condition of the consummation of the Transactions that the Taboola Ordinary Shares are approved for listing on Nasdaq (subject only to official notice of issuance thereof and round lot holder requirements). While trading on Nasdaq is expected to begin on the first business day following the date of completion of the Business Combination, there can be no assurance that Taboola’s securities will be listed on Nasdaq or that a viable and active trading market will develop. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 17 for more information.

Taboola will also be a “foreign private issuer” as defined in the Exchange Act and will be exempt from certain rules under the Exchange Act that impose certain disclosure obligations and procedural requirements for proxy solicitations under Section 14 of the Exchange Act. In addition, Taboola’s officers, directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the reporting and “short-swing” profit recovery provisions under Section 16 of the Exchange Act. Moreover, Taboola will not be required to file periodic reports and financial statements with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act.

The accompanying proxy statement/prospectus provides ION shareholders with detailed information about the Business Combination and other matters to be considered at the extraordinary general meeting of ION. We encourage you to read the entire accompanying proxy statement/prospectus, including the Annexes and other documents referred to therein, carefully and in their entirety. You should also carefully consider the risk factors described in “Risk Factors” beginning on page 17 of the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus.

None of the Securities and Exchange Commission, any state securities commission or the Israel Securities Authority has approved or disapproved of the securities to be issued in connection with the Business Combination, or determined if this proxy statement/prospectus is accurate or adequate. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

This proxy statement/prospectus is dated June 8, 2021, and is first being mailed to ION shareholders on or about June 8, 2021.

NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that an extraordinary general meeting (the “meeting”) of ION Acquisition Corp 1 Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company (“ION”), will be held at 11:00 a.m. Eastern time, on June 28, 2021, at https://www.cstproxy.com/ionacquisitioncorp1/sm2021. In light of ongoing developments related to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, after careful consideration, ION has determined that the meeting will be a virtual meeting conducted via live webcast in order to facilitate shareholder attendance and participation while safeguarding the health and safety of our shareholders, directors and management team. For the purposes of Cayman Islands law and the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association of ION (the “ION Articles”), the physical location of the meeting shall be at the offices of White & Case LLP at 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10020. You or your proxyholder will be able to attend and vote at the meeting online by visiting https://www.cstproxy.com/ionacquisitioncorp1/sm2021 and using a control number assigned by Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, the transfer agent to ION. To register and receive access to the hybrid virtual meeting, registered shareholders and beneficial shareholders (those holding shares through a stock brokerage account or by a bank or other holder of record) will need to follow the instructions applicable to them provided in the attached proxy statement/prospectus of which this notice forms a part. You are cordially invited to attend the meeting, in order to consider and vote on proposals to:

These items of business and the full text of the resolutions to be voted upon are described in the attached proxy statement/prospectus, which we encourage you to read in its entirety before voting. Only holders of record of Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, of ION (“Class A Ordinary Shares”) at the close of business on May 7, 2021 are entitled to notice of the meeting and to vote at the meeting and any adjournments or postponements of the meeting.

After careful consideration, ION’s board of directors has determined that the Business Combination Proposal, the Merger Proposal and the Share Capital Proposal are fair to and in the best interests of ION and its shareholders and unanimously recommends that you vote or give instruction to vote “FOR” the Business Combination Proposal, “FOR” the Merger Proposal and “FOR” the Share Capital Proposal, and “FOR” the Adjournment Proposal, if presented.

Consummation of the Business Combination is conditioned on the approval of the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal.

All ION shareholders are cordially invited to attend the meeting, which will be held virtually over the Internet at https://www.cstproxy.com/ionacquisitioncorp1/sm2021. To ensure your representation at the meeting, however, you are urged to complete, sign, date and return the enclosed proxy card as soon as possible. If you are a shareholder of record of Class A Ordinary Shares, you may also cast your vote at the meeting. If your Class A Ordinary Shares are held in an account at a brokerage firm or bank, you must instruct your broker or bank on how to vote your Class A Ordinary Shares or, if you wish to attend the meeting and vote, obtain a proxy from your broker or bank.

Your vote is important regardless of the number of Class A Ordinary Shares you own. Whether you plan to attend the meeting or not, please sign, date and return the enclosed proxy card as soon as possible in the envelope provided. If your shares are held in “street name” or are in a margin or similar account, you should contact your broker to ensure that votes related to the Class A Ordinary Shares you beneficially own are properly counted.

Thank you for your participation. We look forward to your continued support.

IF YOU RETURN YOUR PROXY CARD WITHOUT AN INDICATION OF HOW YOU WISH TO VOTE, YOUR CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES WILL BE VOTED IN FAVOR OF EACH OF THE PROPOSALS. TO EXERCISE YOUR REDEMPTION RIGHTS, YOU MUST (1) IF YOU HOLD YOUR CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES THROUGH UNITS, ELECT TO SEPARATE YOUR UNITS INTO THE UNDERLYING CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES AND WARRANTS PRIOR TO EXERCISING YOUR REDEMPTION RIGHTS WITH RESPECT TO THE CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES, AND (2) ELECT TO HAVE ION REDEEM YOUR CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES FOR A PRO RATA PORTION OF THE FUNDS HELD IN THE TRUST ACCOUNT AND TRANSMIT YOUR CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES TO ION’S TRANSFER AGENT AT LEAST TWO (2) BUSINESS DAYS PRIOR TO THE VOTE AT THE MEETING. YOU MAY TENDER YOUR CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES BY EITHER DELIVERING YOUR CLASS A ORDINARY SHARE CERTIFICATES (IF ANY) AND OTHER REDEMPTION FORMS (AS APPLICABLE) TO THE TRANSFER AGENT OR BY DELIVERING YOUR CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES ELECTRONICALLY USING THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY’S DWAC (DEPOSIT AND WITHDRAWAL AT CUSTODIAN) SYSTEM. IF THE BUSINESS COMBINATION IS NOT COMPLETED, THEN THOSE CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES YOU HAVE TENDERED FOR REDEMPTION WILL NOT BE REDEEMED FOR CASH. IF YOU HOLD THE CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES IN “STREET NAME,” YOU WILL NEED TO INSTRUCT THE ACCOUNT EXECUTIVE AT YOUR BANK OR BROKER TO WITHDRAW THE CLASS A ORDINARY SHARES FROM YOUR ACCOUNT IN ORDER TO EXERCISE YOUR REDEMPTION RIGHTS. SEE “EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING OF ION SHAREHOLDERS — REDEMPTION RIGHTS” FOR MORE SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS.

The attached proxy statement/prospectus is dated June 8, 2021 and is first being mailed to ION shareholders on or about June 8, 2021.

This proxy statement/prospectus, which forms a part of a registration statement on Form F-4 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, by Taboola, constitutes a prospectus of Taboola under Section 5 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, with respect to the Taboola Ordinary Shares to be issued to ION shareholders in connection with the Business Combination, as well as the Taboola Ordinary Shares underlying the Taboola Warrants. This document also constitutes a proxy statement of ION under Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and the rules promulgated thereunder, and a notice of meeting with respect to the extraordinary general meeting of ION shareholders to consider and vote upon, among other things, the proposals to adopt the Merger Agreement and to adjourn the meeting, if necessary, to permit further solicitation of proxies because there are not sufficient votes to adopt the Merger Agreement.

This proxy statement/prospectus also constitutes a proxy statement of ION under Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, and the rules promulgated thereunder, and a notice of meeting with respect to the extraordinary general meeting of ION shareholders to consider and vote upon the proposals to adopt the Merger Agreement, approve the Business Combination and alteration of ION’s authorized share capital and to adjourn the meeting, if necessary, to permit further solicitation of proxies because there are not sufficient votes to adopt the Merger Agreement.

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references in this proxy statement/prospectus to the terms “Taboola” and the “Company” refer to Taboola.com Ltd., together with its subsidiaries. All references in this proxy statement/prospectus to “ION” refer to ION Acquisition Corp. 1 Ltd.

Unless otherwise indicated, information contained in this proxy statement/prospectus concerning Taboola’s industry, including Taboola’s general expectations and market position, market opportunity and market share, is based on information obtained from various independent publicly available sources and reports as well as management estimates. Taboola has not independently verified the accuracy or completeness of any third-party information. While Taboola believes that the market data, industry forecasts and similar information included in this proxy statement/prospectus are generally reliable, such information is inherently imprecise. In addition, assumptions and estimates of Taboola’s future performance and growth objectives and the future performance of its industry and the markets in which it operates are necessarily subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those discussed under the headings “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Taboola’s Business and Our Industry,” “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Taboola’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this proxy statement/prospectus.

ION, Merger Sub and Taboola and its subsidiaries own or have rights to trademarks, trade names and service marks that they use in connection with the operation of their businesses. In addition, their names, logos and website names and addresses are their trademarks or service marks. Other trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this proxy statement/prospectus are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, in some cases, the trademarks, trade names and service marks referred to in this proxy statement/prospectus are listed without the applicable ^®, ^™ and ^SM symbols, but they will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their rights to these trademarks, trade names and service marks.

In this proxy statement/prospectus, unless we indicate otherwise or the context requires, the following terms have the meanings set forth below.

“Board” means the board of directors of ION.

“Business Combination” means the merger pursuant to the Merger Agreement, whereby Merger Sub will merge with and into ION, with ION surviving the merger, and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement.

“Class A Ordinary Shares” means each Class A ordinary share of ION, par value $0.0001 per share.

“Class B Ordinary Shares” means each Class B ordinary share of ION, par value $0.0001 per share.

“Effective Time” means the effective time of the closing of the Business Combination.

“Founder Shares” means 6,468,750 Class B Ordinary Shares purchased by the Sponsors, directors and executive officers of ION for an aggregate of $25,000 (including the 718,750 Class B Ordinary Shares issued to the Founders in connection with the share capitalization effected on October 1, 2020), which immediately prior to the Effective Time will automatically convert into 6,468,750 Class A Ordinary Shares.

“Investors’ Rights Agreement” means the Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement, to be effective as of the Effective Time, pursuant to which each of the Sponsors, and certain of Taboola’s shareholders will be granted certain resale registration rights with respect to any Taboola Ordinary Shares or Taboola Warrants.

“ION” means ION Acquisition Corp. 1 Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company.

“ION Ordinary Shares” means Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares.

“ION Unit” means each issued and outstanding unit of ION, consisting of one Class A Ordinary Share and one-fifth of one ION Warrant.

“ION Warrants” means each warrant of ION entitling the holder to purchase one Class A Ordinary Shares per warrant at a price of $11.50 per share

“Merger Agreement” means the agreement and plan of merger, dated as of January 25, 2021, by and among ION, Taboola and Merger Sub.

“Merger Sub” means Toronto Sub Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company and wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.

“PIPE” means the entry by the PIPE Investors into the Subscription Agreements.

“PIPE Investment” means the commitment by the PIPE Investors to purchase an aggregate of 13,500,000 PIPE Shares from Taboola at a price per share of $10.00, for gross proceeds to Taboola of $135,000,000.

“PIPE Investors” means certain accredited investors that entered into the Subscription Agreements providing for the purchase of an aggregate of 13,500,000 PIPE Shares at a price per share of $10.00.

“PIPE Shares” means an aggregate of 13,500,000 Taboola Ordinary Shares to be purchased by the PIPE Investors pursuant to the Subscription Agreements at a price per share of $10.00.

“Secondary Investors” means certain accredited investors that entered into the Secondary Purchase Agreements providing for the purchase of an aggregate of up to 15,120,000 Secondary Shares at a price per share of $10.00.

“Secondary Purchase Agreements” means the purchase agreements entered into by the Secondary Investors providing for the purchase by the Secondary Investors at the Effective Time of an aggregate of up to 15,120,000 Secondary Shares at a price per share of $10.00.

“Secondary Purchases” means the commitment by the Secondary Investors to purchase Taboola Ordinary Shares from certain employees and shareholders of Taboola, and, under certain circumstances, from Taboola, in an aggregate of 15,120,000 Secondary Shares at a price per share of $10.00, for gross proceeds of $151,200,000.

“Secondary Shares” mean an aggregate of up to 15,120,000 Taboola Ordinary Shares to be purchased by the Secondary Investors pursuant to the Secondary Purchase Agreements at a price per share of $10.00.

“Sponsor Support Agreement” means the agreement pursuant to which the Sponsors agreed to undertake certain actions in support of the Business Combination, including, but not limited to, delivering a voting proxy pursuant to which the Sponsors will vote in favor of the proposals presented for approval herein.

“Sponsors” means ION Holdings 1, LP and ION Co-Investment LLC.

“Stock Split” means the forward stock split to cause the value of the outstanding Taboola Ordinary Shares immediately prior to the Effective Time to equal $10.00 per share.

“Subscription Agreements” means the subscription agreements entered into by the PIPE Investors providing for the purchase by the PIPE Investors at the Effective Time of an aggregate of 13,500,000 PIPE Shares at a price per share of $10.00.

“Taboola” means Taboola.com Ltd., a company organized under the laws of the State of Israel.

“Taboola Ordinary Shares” means each ordinary share of Taboola, no par value per share.

“Taboola Shareholder Support Agreement” means the agreement pursuant to which certain Taboola shareholders parties thereto agreed, among other things, to undertake certain actions in support of the Business Combination, including, but not limited to, delivering a voting proxy pursuant to which Taboola’s shareholders parties thereto constituting the requisite majority or supermajority will vote in favor of the proposals presented for approval at Taboola’s shareholder meeting.

“Taboola Warrant” means a warrant of Taboola to be issued to ION Warrant holders and the Taboola Ordinary Shares underlying such warrants.

“Transactions” means the Business Combination and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement.

The descriptions below of the material terms of the Transactions are intended to be summaries of such terms. Such descriptions do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the terms of the agreements themselves.

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub will merge with and into ION, with ION continuing as the surviving company, as a result of which (a) ION will become a wholly-owned subsidiary of Taboola, (b) each issued and outstanding ION Unit, consisting of one Class A Ordinary Share and one-fifth of one ION Warrant, will be automatically separated and the holder thereof will be deemed to hold one Class A Ordinary Share and one-fifth of one ION Warrant and (c) each Class B Ordinary Share will be automatically be converted into one Class A Ordinary Share. See the section entitled “The Merger Agreement and Ancillary Documents.”

Concurrently with the consummation of the Business Combination, each issued and outstanding ION Class A Ordinary Share will no longer be outstanding and will automatically be converted into the right of the holder thereof to receive one Taboola Ordinary Share after giving effect to the Stock Split. Each outstanding ION Warrant will be assumed by Taboola and will become exercisable for Taboola Ordinary Shares.

The Merger Agreement also contemplates the execution by the parties of various agreements at the Effective Time, including, among others, the agreements described below.

Concurrently with the execution and delivery of the Merger Agreement, ION, Taboola, and ION Holdings 1, LP (“ION Holdings”) and ION Co-Investment LLC entered into the Sponsor Support Agreement pursuant to which the Sponsors agreed to undertake certain actions in support of the Business Combination, including, but not limited to, voting the ION Covered Shares (as defined below) in favor of the proposals presented for approval herein.

Concurrently with the execution and delivery of the Merger Agreement, Taboola, ION, and certain of Taboola’s shareholders entered into the Taboola Shareholder Support Agreement pursuant to which certain shareholders agreed, among other things, to undertake certain actions in support of the Business Combination, including, but not limited to, voting Taboola shares representing the requisite majority or supermajority in favor of the proposals presented for approval at Taboola’s shareholder meeting.

Concurrently with the execution and delivery of the Merger Agreement, each of the Sponsors and certain of Taboola’s shareholders entered into an Amended and Restated Investors’ Rights Agreement (the “Investors’ Rights Agreement”), to be effective as of the Effective Time, pursuant to which Taboola agreed to file a registration statement as soon as practicable upon receipt of a request from certain significant shareholders of Taboola to register the resale of certain registrable securities under the Securities Act, subject to required notice provisions to other shareholders party thereto. Taboola has also agreed to provide customary “piggyback” registration rights with respect to such registrable securities and, subject to certain circumstances, to file a resale shelf registration statement to register the resale under the Securities Act of such registrable securities. Taboola has also agreed to file a resale shelf registration statement to register the resale of Taboola Warrants held by the Sponsors. In addition, in connection with the execution of the Investors’ Rights Agreement, ION has agreed to terminate the existing ION registration rights agreement.

The Investors’ Rights Agreement also imposes certain resale restrictions on the Taboola Ordinary Shares and the Taboola Warrants held by the shareholders of Taboola or the Sponsors parties to the Investors’ Rights Agreement. See section entitled “Taboola Ordinary Shares Eligible for Future Sale.”

Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, Taboola and the PIPE Investors have entered into the Subscription Agreements pursuant to which the PIPE Investors have committed to purchase an aggregate of 13,500,000 PIPE Shares from Taboola at a price per share of $10.00, for gross proceeds to Taboola of $135,000,000. Pursuant to the Subscription Agreements, Taboola has agreed to file a registration statement registering the resale of the PIPE Shares within thirty (30) days after consummation of the Transactions.

Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement, Taboola and the Secondary Investors have entered into the Secondary Purchase Agreements pursuant to which the Secondary Investors have committed to purchase Taboola Ordinary Shares from certain employees and shareholders of Taboola, and, under certain circumstances, from Taboola, an aggregate of 15,120,000 Secondary Shares at a price per share of $10.00, for gross proceeds of $151,200,000. Pursuant to a letter agreement entered into between Taboola and each Secondary Investor, Taboola has agreed to file a registration statement registering the resale of the Secondary Shares within thirty (30) days after consummation of the Transactions.

In addition to voting on the Business Combination Proposal, the Merger Proposal and the Share Capital Proposal the shareholders of ION will also vote on a proposal to approve, if necessary, an adjournment of the meeting. See the sections entitled “Proposal No. 1—The Business Combination Proposal,” “Proposal No. 2—The Merger Proposal,” “Proposal No. 3—The Share Capital Proposal” and “Proposal No. 4—The Adjournment Proposal.”

The questions and answers below highlight only selected information from this proxy statement/prospectus and only briefly address some commonly asked questions about the meeting and the proposals to be presented at the meeting, including with respect to the Business Combination. The following questions and answers do not include all the information that is important to ION shareholders. ION shareholders are urged to read carefully this entire proxy statement/prospectus, including the Annexes and the other documents referred to herein, to fully understand the Business Combination and the voting procedures for the meeting.

If the Business Combination is completed, the combined company will operate in a market environment that is difficult to predict and that involves significant risks, many of which will be beyond its control. ION Shareholders should carefully consider the following risk factors, together with all of the other information included in this proxy statement/prospectus, before they decide whether to vote or instruct their vote to be cast to approve the proposals described in this proxy statement/prospectus. This proxy statement/prospectus also contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, and actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including the risks described below and elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus.

We must add new digital properties and advertisers, and encourage existing digital properties and advertisers to add additional offerings from us, in order to sustain or increase our revenue. As the digital advertising industry matures and as competitors introduce more competitive pricing or differentiated products or services that compete with or are perceived to compete with ours, our ability to sell our solutions to new and existing digital properties and advertisers could be impaired. In addition, we may reach a point of saturation at which we cannot continue to grow our revenue from existing digital properties and advertisers because of internal limits they may place on the allocation of space on their sites, allocation of their advertising budgets to digital media, to particular campaigns, to a particular provider, or other reasons. We may also lose revenues if our existing digital properties and advertisers reduce the amount of business they do with us for any reason, including nonrenewal of their agreements with us. If we are unable to attract new digital properties and advertisers or obtain new business from existing digital properties and advertisers or maintain enough business with our existing digital properties and advertisers, our revenue, our revenue growth prospects and business will be adversely affected.

A significant amount of our revenue comes from contracts with digital properties where we are obligated to pay a specified minimum guaranteed amount per thousand impressions to the digital property. In each of the years ended December 31, 2018 through 2020, our guarantee costs, which we calculate as total payments due under guarantee arrangements in excess of amounts we otherwise would have been required to pay under revenue sharing arrangements, as a percentage of our total payments to digital properties, or TAC, was approximately 15% or less. Although we focus on achieving sufficient revenue per impression through the improvement of our algorithms and using our scale to exceed the minimum guarantees made to digital properties, we may not succeed in doing so. In addition, due to unfavorable macroeconomic, competitive or other conditions, we may be unable to perform as expected under arrangements that provide for such minimum guarantees, in which case our gross profit could be negatively impacted and our results of operation and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Competition for our clients’ advertising budgets is intense. We compete for a share of total advertising budgets with online search and display advertising, including large “walled garden” advertising platforms such as Google and Facebook, and with traditional advertising media, such as direct mail, television, radio, cable and print. Many current and potential competitors have competitive advantages relative to us, such as longer operating histories, greater name recognition, larger client bases, greater access to advertising inventory on premium websites and significantly greater financial, technical, sales and marketing resources. Thus, increased competition may result in the loss of business or the inability to win new business, which could negatively affect our revenue and future operating results and our ability to grow our business.

We also expect competition on the digital property side to continue increasing as the industry grows. Increased competition may require us to increase the revenue share with our digital properties, charge less for our solutions, or offer other pricing models that are less attractive to us, any of which could decrease our revenues and margins and harm our results of operations.

Our future success depends on our ability to effectively scale our offerings as our business grows to keep pace with demand for our solutions, and achieve long-term profitability. If we fail to implement these changes on a timely basis, or if we are unable to implement them effectively or at all due to factors beyond our control or other reasons, our business may suffer. We may not be successful in addressing these and other challenges we may face in the future. As a growing company in a rapidly evolving industry, our business prospects depend in large part on our ability to:

If we are unable to meet one or more of these objectives or otherwise adequately address the risks and difficulties that we face, our business may suffer, our revenue may decline and we may not be able to achieve further growth or long-term profitability.

Our business has grown rapidly. We rely heavily on information technology, or IT, systems to manage critical functions such as content recommendation, campaign management and operations, payment from advertisers and to digital properties, data storage and retrieval, revenue recognition, budgeting, forecasting, financial reporting and other administrative functions. To manage our growth effectively, we must continue to improve and expand our infrastructure, including our IT, financial and administrative systems and controls. We must also continue to manage our employees, operations, finances, research and development and capital investments efficiently. Our productivity and the quality of our platform may be adversely affected if we do not integrate and train our new employees, particularly our research and development, sales and account management personnel, quickly and effectively and if we fail to appropriately coordinate across our executive, finance, human resources, legal, marketing, sales, operations and advertiser support teams. If we continue our rapid growth, we will incur additional expenses, and our growth may place a strain on our resources, infrastructure and ability to maintain the quality of our platform. If we do not adapt to meet these evolving growth challenges, and if the current and future members of our management team do not effectively scale with our growth, the quality of our platform may suffer and our corporate culture may be harmed. Failure to manage our future growth effectively could cause our business to suffer, which, in turn, could have an adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our industry is subject to rapid changes in standards, regulations, technologies, products and service offerings, as well as in digital property and advertiser demands and expectations. We continuously need to make decisions regarding which offerings and technology to invest in to meet such demands and evolving industry standards and regulatory requirements. We may make wrong decisions regarding these investments. If new or existing competitors offer more attractive offerings, we may lose digital property and/or advertisers, or advertisers may decrease their spending on our platform. New digital property or advertiser demands, superior competitive offerings, new industry standards or regulations could render our existing solutions unattractive, unmarketable or obsolete and require us to make substantial unanticipated changes to our technology platform or business model. Our failure to adapt to a rapidly changing market or to anticipate digital property and/or advertiser demands could harm our business and our financial performance.

Our quarterly and annual operating results have fluctuated significantly in the past. Similarly, we expect our future operating results to fluctuate for the foreseeable future due to a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control. Our fluctuating results could cause our performance to fall below the expectations of investors, and adversely affect the price of our ordinary shares. Because our business is changing and evolving rapidly, our historical operating results may not be useful in predicting our future operating results and it is difficult for us to accurately predict future results. In addition, our rapid growth has limited our ability to reliably track key business metrics and so we have limited understanding of certain aspects of our operations. For example, we do not have good visibility into the seasonality of our business due to the fact that our rapid growth may have masked seasonality. Factors that may increase the volatility of our operating results include the following:

Based upon all of the factors described above and others that we may not anticipate, including those beyond our control, we have a limited ability to forecast our future revenue, costs and expenses. As a result, our operating results may from time to time fall below our estimates or the expectations of investors.

We use “cookies” (small text files) to gather important data to help deliver our solutions. These cookies are placed through an Internet browser on an Internet user’s computer and correspond to a data set that we keep on our servers. Some of our cookies are “third party” cookies where we do not have a direct relationship with the Internet user. Our cookies collect information, such as when an Internet user views an internet site, clicks on an ad, or visits one of our digital properties. We use these cookies to help us achieve our digital property or advertisers’ campaign goals, to help us ensure that the same Internet user does not unintentionally see the same recommendations too frequently, to report aggregate information to our advertisers regarding the performance of their campaigns and to detect and prevent fraudulent activity. We also use data from cookies to help us decide on an opportunity to place a recommendation in a certain location, at a given time, in front of a particular Internet user. A lack of data associated with cookies may detract from our ability to make decisions about an advertiser’s campaign, and undermine the effectiveness of our solutions.

Cookies may easily be deleted or blocked by Internet users. All of the most commonly used Internet browsers (including Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Edge and Safari) allow Internet users to prevent cookies from being accepted by their browsers. Internet users can also delete cookies from their computers at any time. Some Internet users also download “ad blocking” software that prevents cookies from being stored on a user’s computer. If more Internet users adopt these settings or delete their cookies more frequently than they currently do, our business could be harmed. Recently, there has been a general trend among Internet users to refuse to accept cookies on their Internet browsers. In addition, the Safari, Firefox and Edge browsers block cookies by default, and other browsers may do so in the future. Unless such default settings in browsers were altered by Internet users, we would be able to set fewer of our cookies in browsers, which could adversely affect our business. In addition, companies such as Google have publicly disclosed their intention to move away from cookies to another form of persistent unique identifier, or ID, to indicate Internet users in the bidding process on advertising exchanges. If such companies do not use shared IDs across the entire digital advertising ecosystem, this could have a negative impact on our ability to find the same anonymous user across different web properties, and reduce the effectiveness of our solutions. These web browser developers have significant resources at their disposal and command substantial market share, and any restrictions they impose could foreclose our ability to understand the preferences of a substantial number of consumers.

In addition, in the European Union, or EU, Directive 2009/136/EC, commonly referred to as the “Cookie Directive,” directs EU member states to ensure that accessing information on an Internet user’s computer, such as through a cookie, is allowed only if the Internet user has given his or her consent. As there were different transpositions of the Cookie Directive in domestic laws across the EU Member States, there are currently different interpretations of what constitutes valid consent (e.g., explicit versus implied consent) across the EU, posing a risk of regulatory divergence and creating legal uncertainty for businesses. The EU also has released a proposed replacement to the Cookie Directive, commonly known as the “ePrivacy Regulation,” to, among other things, better align EU member states and the rules governing online tracking technologies and electronic communications, such as unsolicited marketing and cookies, with the requirements of the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). While the ePrivacy Regulation was originally intended to be adopted on May 25, 2018 (alongside the GDPR), it is currently going through the European legislative process, and commentators now expect it to be adopted in the coming years. Like the GDPR, the proposed ePrivacy Regulation has extra-territorial application as it applies to businesses established outside the EU who provide publicly-available electronic communications services to, or gather data from the devices of, users in the EU. The ePrivacy Regulation may impose burdensome requirements around obtaining consent and impose fines for violations that are materially higher than those imposed under the European Union’s current ePrivacy Directive and related EU member state legislation. Additionally, the use of cookies, as well as the use of the data collected using cookies, may be subject to further legislation or regulation. The United States and other governments have enacted or are considering legislation that regulate the level of consumer notice and consent required before a company can employ cookies or other electronic tracking tools.

Limitations on the use or effectiveness of cookies, or other limitations on our ability to collect and use data for advertising, whether imposed by EU member state implementations of the Cookie Directive, by the new ePrivacy Regulation, or otherwise, may impact the performance of our platform. We may be required to, or otherwise may determine that it is advisable to, make significant changes in our business operations and product and services to obtain user opt-in for cookies and use of cookie data, or develop or obtain additional tools and technologies to

compensate for a lack of cookie data. We may not be able to make the necessary changes in our business operations and products and services to obtain user opt-in for cookies and use of cookie data, or develop, implement or acquire additional tools that compensate for the lack of data associated with cookies. Moreover, even if we are able to do so, such additional products and tools may be subject to further legislation or regulation, time consuming to develop or costly to obtain, and less effective than our current use of cookies.

The efficacy of our platform for both advertisers and digital properties relies, in part, on our ability to personalize the recommendations we serve to Internet users. If we are unable to personalize due to changes in various privacy regulations or for some other reason beyond our control, the efficacy of our platform may be negatively affected causing our business to suffer, which, in turn, could have an adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations and revenues.

The effective delivery of our solution depends on the ability of Taboola’s AI powered platform to predict what ads and content would be of most interest to users so that our advertisers can achieve desirable returns on their advertising spend. We need to continuously deliver satisfactory results for our advertisers and digital properties in terms of predicting user engagement and conversion rates in order to maintain and increase revenue, which in turn depends in part on the optimal functioning of Taboola’s AI powered platform. In addition, as we have increased the number of advertisers and digital properties that use our offerings on a global basis, we have experienced significant growth in the amount and complexity of data processed by Taboola’s AI and the number of ad and content impressions we deliver. As the amount of data and number of variables processed by Taboola’s AI powered platform increase, the risk of errors in the type of data collected, stored, generated or accessed also increases. In addition, the calculations that the algorithms must compute become increasingly complex and the likelihood of any defects or errors increases. If we were to experience significant errors or defects in Taboola’s AI powered platform, our solution could be impaired or stop working altogether, which could prevent us from generating any revenue until the errors or defects were detected and corrected. Other negative consequences from significant errors or defects in Taboola’s AI powered platform could include:

Furthermore, the ability of Taboola’s AI powered platform to accurately predict engagement by a user depends in part on our ability to continuously innovate and improve the algorithms underlying Taboola’s AI powered platform in order to deliver positive results for our advertisers and digital properties that can be clearly attributed to the services we provide. The failure to do so could result in delivering poor performance for our advertisers and a reduced ability to secure advertising inventory. If failures in Taboola’s AI powered platform or our inability to innovate and improve the algorithms underlying Taboola’s AI powered platform result in advertisers and digital properties ceasing to partner with us, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to replace, in a timely or effective manner, departing

advertisers with new advertisers that generate comparable revenue or departing digital properties with new digital properties. As a result, the failure by Taboola’s AI powered platform to accurately predict user engagement or conversion rates and to continue to do so over time could result in significant costs to us and our results of operation and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Our ability to sustain continued engagement by users who interact with our platform on various digital properties depends on our ability to continue to provide attractive content to users. If users begin to ignore our platform or direct their attention to other elements on the digital property, our performance could decline and digital property and advertiser satisfaction with our platform may decrease. Technological and other developments may also cause changes in consumer behavior that could affect the attractiveness of our content and ads to users.

While we have adopted a number of strategies and initiatives to address these challenges, there can be no guarantee that our efforts will be successful. If we are unable to demonstrate the continuing value of our platform to advertisers and digital properties, our results may suffer. A decrease in advertising expenditures by our advertisers could lead to a reduction in our ability to obtain high-quality content from digital properties, which in turn could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and revenues.

Our business and operations have been and could in the future be adversely affected by health epidemics, such as the global COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic and efforts to control its spread have curtailed the movement of people, goods and services worldwide, including in the regions in which we and our clients and partners operate, and are significantly impacting economic activity and financial markets. Many marketers have decreased or paused their advertising spending as a response to the economic uncertainty, decline in business activity, and other COVID-related impacts, which have negatively impacted, and may continue to negatively impact, our revenue and results of operations, the extent and duration of which we may not be able to accurately predict. For instance, we experienced a notable decline in advertising rates soon after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, and we attribute a 12% reduction in our second quarter of 2020 revenue to the pandemic. We took certain steps to address the reduction in advertising rates, which resulted in a gradual recovery in revenue that continued throughout the remainder of the year. See “Taboola's Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Key Factors and Trends Affecting our Performance—Impact of COVID-19.” In addition, our advertisers’ businesses or cash flows have been and may continue to be negatively impacted by COVID-19, which has and may continue to lead them to seek adjustments to payment terms or delay making payments or default on their payables, any of which may impact the timely receipt and/or collectability of our receivables.

Our operations are subject to a range of external factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic that are not within our control. We have taken precautionary measures intended to minimize the risk of the spread of the virus to our employees, partners and clients, and the communities in which we operate. A wide range of governmental restrictions has also been imposed on our employees’ and clients’ physical movement to limit the spread of COVID-19. There can be no assurance that precautionary measures, whether adopted by us or imposed by others, will be effective, and such measures could negatively affect our sales, marketing, and client service efforts, delay and lengthen our sales cycles, decrease our employees’ and clients’ productivity, or create operational or other challenges, any of which could harm our business and results of operations.

The economic uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic may continue to make it difficult for us to forecast revenue and operating results and to make decisions regarding operational cost structures and investments. We have committed, and we plan to continue to commit, resources to grow our business, including to expand our international presence, employee base, and technology development, and such investments may not yield anticipated returns, particularly if worldwide business activity continues to be impacted by COVID-19. The duration and extent of the impact from the COVID-19 pandemic depend on future developments that cannot be accurately predicted at this time, and if we are not able to respond to and manage the impact of such events effectively, our business may be harmed.

In 2020, our largest digital property, Microsoft and affiliates, accounted for approximately 20% of our gross revenues generated from advertisers on digital properties, and our top five digital properties accounted for approximately 30% of our gross revenues. We have long-term contracts with our large digital properties, which, in general, contain minimum guarantee requirements. The typical contract length with our large digital properties is over two years (without any right by these properties to terminate earlier than that absent cause).

The loss of all or a significant part of our business with our largest partners, particularly Microsoft and its affiliates, or unfavorable changes in the terms of our agreements with these partners could significantly harm our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.

Most of our advertisers do business with us by placing insertion orders for particular advertising campaigns. If we perform well on a particular campaign, then the advertiser may place new insertion orders with us for additional advertising campaigns. We rarely have any commitment from an advertiser beyond the campaign governed by a particular insertion order and, even then, each particular insertion order may not be completed since advertisers can typically terminate a campaign at any time on twenty-four hours’ notice. As a result, our success is dependent upon our ability to outperform our competitors and win repeat business from existing advertisers, while continually expanding the number of advertisers for whom we provide services. In addition, it is relatively easy for advertisers to seek an alternative provider for their campaigns because there are no significant switching costs. In addition, advertising agencies, with whom we do business, often have relationships with many different providers, each of whom may be running portions of the same campaign. Because we generally do not have long-term contracts, it may be difficult for us to accurately predict future revenue streams. We cannot provide assurance that our current advertisers will continue to use our solutions, or that we will be able to replace departing advertisers with new advertisers that provide us with comparable revenue.

We do business with our partners by allowing them to share in the revenues we receive from advertisers from campaigns that are placed on their digital properties. If the content we place on the digital property is successful, and the partner is satisfied with our performance and ability to generate revenue, the digital property partner may continue to want us to place content on their website. Alternatively, if we cannot maintain the quality of the content, digital property satisfaction with our platform may decrease. As our advertiser content may appear on multiple digital properties, any decrease in quality may rapidly affect many digital properties in a short period of time. Our commitments from digital properties are for various periods of time, but our success is dependent upon our ability to successfully execute campaigns using available digital space and maintaining partner satisfaction, while continually expanding the number of digital properties from whom we purchase digital space as needed to meet content volume. In addition, after expiration of our agreements, it is easy for digital properties to seek an alternative supplier of content for their digital space because there are no switching costs. We also face a risk that digital property contract renewals decrease our margins as digital properties may seek to negotiate a higher revenue share. Thus, we cannot provide assurance that our current partners will continue to want us to place content on their digital properties, or that we will be able to replace departing digital properties with new digital properties that provide us with sufficient or comparable digital space. In addition, certain trends in the industry designed to achieve a different user experience may significantly impact our business. For example, a partner may redesign its digital property causing us to have less real estate for our content or placing us in less profitable locations of the website.

We must maintain a consistent supply of attractive content and quality digital properties on which we place content. If our access to attractive content diminishes, our ability to pay digital properties will diminish, and if access

to quality digital properties diminishes then advertisers may not want to work with us. Thus, our success depends both on our ability to secure quality content and digital real estate.

The amount, quality and cost of supply available to us can change over time. Our digital properties’ contracts are for various periods. As a result, we cannot provide any assurance that we will have ongoing access to a consistent supply of quality digital real estate. Moreover, the number of competitors in our industry is substantial and continues to increase, which could negatively affect the terms of doing business with our digital property partners and ultimately our gross margin. If we are unable to compete favorably for digital properties, we may not be able to place content at competitive rates or find alternative sources of supply with comparable traffic patterns and consumer demographics in a timely manner. Similarly, if we are unable to maintain a consistent supply of quality content from advertisers for any reason, our business, digital property partners retention and loyalty, financial condition and results of operations would be harmed.

Our business model depends on our ability to coordinate the supply of advertising inventory from our digital property partners with demand for that inventory from advertisers. Any material failure to effectively maintain a sufficient number of advertisers relative to the inventory we have available could cause digital properties not to utilize our platform or impair Taboola’s AI’s ability to accurately predict user engagement. As a result, our relationships with certain digital properties, our revenues and our business could be adversely impacted.

Advertiser and digital property satisfaction with our solution depends on our ability to place high quality advertiser content with content from digital properties that is well-suited to the advertiser’s product or service. If we are unable to keep our advertisers’ content from being placed with low quality, offensive or other non-compliant editorial content, or if we are unable to keep low quality, offensive or other non-compliant ads off of our network of digital properties, our reputation and business may suffer. As we grow our business to serve a larger number of advertisers and digital properties, it could become more challenging to prevent low quality, offensive or other non-compliant content from being shown. In addition, the categories of content that our digital properties accept may change over time and as these categories are removed from our inventory, we could suffer a decrease in cost-per-click and overall revenue. If we are unable to maintain the quality of our advertiser and digital properties, our reputation and business may suffer and we may not be able to retain or secure additional advertiser or digital property relationships.

Although the majority of our agreements with digital properties have historically required digital properties to provide us with exclusivity for the term of the agreement, there is no guarantee that we will be able to continue to obtain such exclusive arrangements or to renew existing arrangements on similar terms in the future. To the extent that such exclusivity is reduced or eliminated for any reason, including due to changes in market practice or changes in or in response to laws, rules or regulations, our partners could elect to implement other platforms or services on their digital properties or to seek out other third parties with which to do business, which could be detrimental to our performance, thereby reducing our revenues and having an adverse effect on our business.

Our business depends in part on providing our advertisers and digital properties with a service that they trust, and we have contractual commitments to take reasonable measures to prevent click fraud or distributing content on undesirable digital properties. We use proprietary technology to detect click fraud and block inventory that we know

or suspect to be fraudulent. Preventing and combating fraud requires constant vigilance, and we may not always be successful in our efforts to do so. In addition, as we continue to improve our click fraud detection mechanisms, we may find that a portion of our traffic is the result of click fraud, and eliminating this fraudulent traffic would reduce our revenues. We also use proprietary technology to prevent our advertisers’ content from appearing on undesirable digital properties, but we may not be successful in doing so, which would harm our relationship with advertisers. Any of these things would harm our brand and reputation and negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our platform and business are subject to a wide variety of risks from individuals both inside and outside our company. We have established policies and procedures to manage our exposure to risk, including risks arising from the actions of our employees. These policies may not be adequate or effective in managing our future risk exposure or protecting us against unidentified or unanticipated risks. Although we regularly update our policies and procedures, including with respect sanctions, bribery, money laundering and insider trading, we may fail to predict future risks due to rapid changes in the market and regulatory conditions and in new markets we enter. Although we have established internal controls to ensure our risk management policies and procedures are adhered to by our employees as we conduct our business, our internal controls may not effectively prevent or detect any non-compliance of our policies and procedures. In particular, these measures may not adequately address or prevent all illegal, improper, or otherwise inappropriate activity from occurring and such conduct could expose us to liability, including through litigation, or adversely affect our brand or reputation. Further, any negative publicity related to the foregoing, whether such an incident occurred on our platform or on our competitors’ platforms, could adversely affect public perception of our industry as a whole, which could negatively affect demand for platforms like ours, and potentially lead to increased regulatory or litigation exposure. Any of the foregoing risks could negatively impact our business, results of operations and reputation.

Building and maintaining market awareness, brand recognition and goodwill in a cost-effective manner is important to our overall success in achieving widespread acceptance of our existing and future solutions. In particular, our business depends on access to strong brands and well-known digital properties, such as prominent media outlets, and failing to maintain and enhance our relationships with such brands and digital properties would hurt our ability to strengthen our own brand and to expand our current number of advertisers and digital properties. Our efforts in developing our brand may be hindered by the marketing efforts of our competitors, to the degree our competitors are able to decrease the number of high-profile digital properties we are able to work with. Alternatively, if a significant number of well-known digital properties ceased to do business with us due to changing market conditions or for other reasons, our own brand image and reputation could suffer and our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Technologies have been developed, and will likely continue to be developed, that can block the display of our ads or content or block our ad measurement tools, particularly for advertising displayed on personal computers. We generate substantially all of our revenue from advertising, including revenue resulting from the display of ads via our platform on personal computers. Revenue generated from the display of ads on personal computers has been impacted by these technologies from time to time. As a result, these technologies may have an adverse effect on our financial results and, if such technologies continue to proliferate, in particular with respect to mobile platforms, our future financial results may be harmed.

Our products and services depend on the ability of consumers to access the Internet. Currently, this access is provided by companies that have significant market power in the broadband and internet access marketplace, including incumbent telephone companies, cable companies, mobile communications companies, and government-owned service providers. Some of these providers may take measures that could degrade, disrupt, or increase the cost of user access by restricting or prohibiting the use of their infrastructure to support our platform, by charging increased fees to us or our users, or by providing our competitors preferential access. Some jurisdictions have adopted regulations prohibiting certain forms of discrimination by internet access providers; however, substantial uncertainty exists in the United States and elsewhere regarding such protections. For example, in 2018 the United States Federal Communications Commission repealed net neutrality rules, which could permit internet access providers to restrict, block, degrade, or charge for access. In addition, our platform may be subject to government-initiated restrictions or blockages. COVID-19 has also resulted in quarantines, shelter in place orders, and work from home directives, all of which have increased demands for internet access and may create access challenges. These could result in a decrease of users interacting with our platform, and could impair our ability to attract new advertisers and digital properties.

In addition, we rely on data signals from user activity on websites that we do not control in order to deliver relevant and effective ads on behalf of our advertisers. Our advertising revenue is dependent on targeting and measurement tools that incorporate these signals, and any changes in our ability to use such signals will adversely affect our business. For example, legislative and regulatory changes, such as the GDPR and CCPA, may impact our ability to use such signals in our ad products. In addition, mobile operating system and browser providers, such as Apple and Google, have announced product changes as well as future plans to limit the ability of application developers to use these signals to target and measure advertising on their platforms. These developments may limit our ability to target and measure the effectiveness of ads on our platform, and any additional loss of such signals in the future will adversely affect our targeting and measurement capabilities and negatively impact our advertising revenue.

Large and established internet and technology companies such as Amazon, Apple, Facebook and Google may have the power to significantly change the very nature of the internet display advertising marketplace, and these changes could materially disadvantage us. For example, Amazon, Apple, Facebook and Google have substantial resources and have a significant share of widely adopted industry platforms such as web browsers, mobile operating systems and advertising exchanges and networks. In addition, these or other companies may bundle other services alongside the services that compete with our solutions, thus potentially creating a more competitive platform than ours. Therefore, these companies could leverage their position to make changes to their web browsers, mobile operating systems, platforms, exchanges, networks or other products or services that could be significantly harmful to our business and results of operations.

If a significant number of these digital properties violate their agreements, it could be impractical for us to pursue remedies against all of them and as a result we may lack sufficient or timely advertising inventory for our advertiser clients. As a result, advertisers may be less likely to contract with us in the future. The combined effect of this disruption to our anticipated advertising inventory, and related supply and demand dynamics, could have an adverse effect on our revenue, business operations and reputation.

As part of our business strategy, we have made and may make future investments in or acquisitions of complementary companies, products or technologies. These activities involve significant risks to our business. We may not be able to find suitable acquisition candidates, and we may not be able to complete such acquisitions on

favorable terms, if at all. If we do complete acquisitions, they may not ultimately strengthen our competitive position. Any acquisitions we complete could be viewed negatively by our partners and clients, which could have an adverse impact on our business. In addition, if we are unsuccessful at integrating employees or technologies acquired, our financial condition and results of operations, including revenue growth, could be adversely affected. Any acquisition and subsequent integration will require significant time and resources. We may not be able to successfully evaluate and use the acquired technology or employees, or otherwise manage the acquisition and integration processes successfully. We will be required to pay cash, incur debt and/or issue equity securities to pay for any such acquisition, each of which could adversely affect our financial condition. Our use of cash to pay for acquisitions would limit other potential uses of our cash, including investments in our sales and marketing and product development organizations, and in infrastructure to support scalability. The issuance or sale of equity or convertible debt securities to finance any such acquisitions would result in dilution to our stockholders. If we incur debt, it would result in increased fixed obligations and could also impose covenants or other restrictions that could impede our ability to manage our operations.

We continue to be substantially dependent on our sales team and account managers to obtain new digital properties and advertisers and to drive sales from our existing digital properties and advertisers. We believe that there is significant competition for sales personnel with the skills and technical knowledge that we require. Our ability to achieve significant revenue growth will depend, in large part, on our success in recruiting, training, integrating and retaining sufficient numbers of sales personnel to support our growth. New hires require significant training and it may take significant time before they achieve full productivity. Our recent hires and planned hires may not become productive as quickly as we expect, and we may be unable to hire or retain sufficient numbers of qualified individuals in the markets where we do business or plan to do business. In addition, if we continue to grow rapidly, a large percentage of our sales team will be new to the company and our solutions. If we are unable to hire and train sufficient numbers of effective sales personnel, or the sales personnel are not successful in obtaining new digital properties and advertisers or increasing sales to our existing digital property and advertiser base, our business would be adversely affected. Finally, managing our sales team and account managers, particularly in light of our growth, and enforcing compliance with our sales policies is a challenge for us.

Our future success depends on our ability to continue to attract, retain and motivate highly skilled employees, software engineers and other employees with the technical skills in artificial intelligence, machine learning and advanced algorithms that will enable us to deliver effective advertising and content solutions. Competition for highly skilled employees in our industry is intense, in particular in the fields of artificial intelligence and data science, and we expect certain of our key competitors, who generally are larger than us and have access to more substantial resources, to pursue top talent even more aggressively.

We may be unable to attract or retain such highly skilled personnel who are critical to our success, which could hinder our ability to keep pace with innovation and technological change in our industry or result in harm to our key advertiser and digital property relationships, loss of key information, expertise or proprietary knowledge and unanticipated recruitment and training costs. The loss of the services of such key employees could make it more difficult to successfully operate our business and pursue our business goals.

We anticipate that we will continue to depend on various third-party relationships in order to grow our business. We continue to pursue additional relationships with third parties, such as technology and content providers, content delivery networks, data partnerships, co-location facilities and other strategic partners. Identifying, negotiating and documenting relationships with third parties requires significant time and resources, as does integrating third-party data and services. Our agreements with providers of technology, computer hardware, co-location facilities, and

content are typically non-exclusive, do not prohibit them from working with our competitors or from offering competing services and do not typically have minimum purchase commitments. Our competitors may be effective in providing incentives to third parties to favor their products or services over ours or to otherwise prevent or reduce purchases of our solutions. In addition, these third parties may go out of business, no longer offer their services to us or not perform as expected under our agreements with them, and we may have disagreements or disputes with such third parties, which could negatively affect our brand and reputation.

In particular, our continued growth depends on our ability to source computer hardware, including servers built to our specifications, and the ability to locate those servers and related hardware in co-location facilities in the most desirable locations to facilitate the timely delivery of our services. Disruptions in the services provided at co-location facilities that we rely upon can degrade the level of services that we can provide, which could harm our business. We also rely on our integration with many third-party technology providers to execute our business on a daily basis. We rely on a third-party domain name service, or DNS, to direct traffic to our closest data center for efficient processing. If our DNS provider experiences disruptions or performance problems, this could result in inefficient balancing of traffic across our servers as well as impairing or preventing web browser connectivity to our site, which could harm our business.

Our future success depends heavily upon the continuing services of our key employees, including our founder and CEO, Adam Singolda, and on our ability to attract and retain members of our management team and other highly skilled employees, including software engineers, analytics and operations employees and sales professionals. The market for talent in our key areas of operations, including New York, Tel Aviv, California, Bangkok, Sao Paulo and London, is intensely competitive. Our competitors may provide more generous benefits, more diverse opportunities and better chances for career advancement than we do. Some of these advantages may be more appealing to high-quality candidates than those we have to offer. Any of our employees may terminate his or her employment with us at any time.

New employees often require significant training and, in many cases, take significant time before they achieve full productivity. As a result, we may incur significant costs to attract and retain employees, including significant expenditures related to salaries and benefits and compensation expenses related to equity awards, and we may lose new employees to our competitors or other companies before we realize the benefit of our investment in recruiting and training them. Moreover, new employees may not be or become as productive as we expect, as we may face challenges in adequately or appropriately integrating them into our workforce and culture. In addition, as we move into new geographies, we will need to attract and recruit skilled employees in those areas.

Even if we are successful in hiring qualified new employees, we may be subject to allegations that we have improperly solicited such employees while they remained employed by our competitors, that such employees have improperly solicited other colleagues of theirs employed by the same competitors or that such employees have divulged proprietary or other confidential information to us in violation of their agreements with such competitors. If we are unable to attract, integrate and retain suitably qualified individuals, our business, financial position and results of operations would be harmed.

We are undergoing rapid growth and we intend to further expand our overall headcount and operations both domestically and internationally and through acquisitions, and we may not be able to do so while effectively maintaining our corporate culture. We believe our corporate culture has been a critical component of our success as we believe it fosters innovation, teamwork, passion for partners and clients and focus on execution, while facilitating knowledge sharing across our organization. As we grow and change, we may find it difficult to preserve our corporate culture, which could reduce our ability to innovate and operate effectively. In turn, the failure to preserve our culture could negatively affect our ability to attract, recruit, integrate and retain employees, continue to perform at current levels and effectively execute our business strategy.

Our revenue, cash flow and other key operating and performance metrics may vary from quarter to quarter due to the seasonal nature of our advertiser clients’ spending on advertising campaigns. For example, many advertisers tend to devote more of their advertising budgets to the fourth calendar quarter to coincide with consumer holiday spending and correspondingly to spend less in the first quarter. Moreover, advertising inventory in the fourth quarter may be more expensive due to increased demand for it. Our historical revenue growth has masked the impact of seasonality in the past, but if our growth rate declines or seasonal spending becomes more pronounced, seasonality could have a more significant impact on our revenue, cash flow and results of operations from period to period.

We usually incur the cost of an advertiser’s campaign before we bill for services. A portion of our advertiser-side business is sourced through advertising agencies, and we contract with these agencies as agent for a disclosed principal, which is the advertiser. Typically, the advertising agency pays for our services once it has received payment from the advertiser for our services. Our agreements with these agencies typically provide that if the advertiser does not pay the agency, the agency is not liable to us, and we must seek payment solely from the advertiser.

In addition, contracting with advertisers who have or develop high-risk credit profiles, subjects us to credit risk. This credit risk may vary depending on the nature of the advertiser’s business and the advertiser’s monetization of the traffic generated. Any inability to collect costs we have advanced or other amounts due to us, including write-offs of accounts receivable, could have a materially negative effect on our results of operations.

We often pay our digital properties their share of the revenue generated by an advertiser’s campaigns whether or not we have received payment from the advertisers and even if we never receive payment from such advertiser. In addition, we agree with digital properties on a fixed cost for the digital space but a large portion of our revenue from advertisers is tied to the performance of the campaign. As a result, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely impacted if we do not receive timely payment from our advertisers or if our campaigns do not perform as expected.

Various foreign and domestic labor laws govern our relationship with our employees and affect our operating costs. These laws include overtime and sick pay, paid time off, work scheduling, healthcare reform, unemployment tax rates, workers’ compensation rates and applicable local labor or works council laws. A number of factors could adversely affect our operating results, including additional government-imposed increases in overtime and sick pay, paid leaves of absence, mandated health benefits, and changing regulations from the National Labor Relations Board in the United States or similar agencies in other jurisdictions. Complying with any new legislation or reversing changes implemented under existing law could be time-intensive and expensive and may adversely affect our business.

We are subject to a variety of laws and regulations in the United States and other countries that involve matters central to our business, including privacy, data protection, content, competition, consumer protection, and other matters. The expansion of our activities in certain jurisdictions, or other actions that we may take may subject us to additional laws, regulations, or other government scrutiny. In addition, foreign data protection, privacy, content, competition, and other laws and regulations can impose different obligations or be more restrictive than those in the United States. For additional discussion of data privacy and data protection laws applicable to our business, see “Risk

Factors—Risks Related to Laws and Regulations—Legislation and regulation of online businesses, including privacy and data protection regimes, could create unexpected costs, subject us to enforcement actions for compliance failures, or cause us to change our technology platform or business model, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.”

Laws and regulations of the countries and their legal subdivisions in which we operate or conduct business or in which our employees reside, which in some cases can be enforced by private parties in addition to government entities, are constantly evolving and can be subject to significant change. As a result, the application, interpretation, and enforcement of these laws and regulations are often uncertain, particularly in the new and rapidly evolving industry in which we operate, and may be interpreted and applied inconsistently from country to country and inconsistently with our current policies and practices. For example, regulatory or legislative actions affecting the manner in which we display content to our users could adversely affect user growth and engagement. Such actions could affect the manner in which we provide access to our platform or adversely affect our financial results.

These laws and regulations, as well as any associated claims, inquiries, or investigations or any other government actions, have in the past led to, and may in the future lead to, unfavorable outcomes including increased compliance costs, delays or impediments in the development of new products, negative publicity and reputational harm, increased operating costs, diversion of management time and attention, and remedies that harm our business, including fines or demands or orders that we modify or cease existing business practices.

Government regulation could increase the costs of doing business online. U.S. and many other governments have enacted or are considering legislation and regulation related to online advertising to which we are or may become subject, and we expect to see an increase in legislation and regulation related to digital advertising, the collection and use of Internet user data and unique device identifiers, such as IP address or unique mobile device identifiers, and other data protection and privacy regulation. The regulatory environment related to privacy and data protection is increasingly rigorous, with new and constantly changing requirements applicable to our business, and enforcement practices are likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. Such legislation and regulation could affect the costs of doing business online, and could reduce the demand for our solutions or otherwise harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. These laws and regulations may be interpreted and applied differently over time and from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and it is possible that they will be interpreted and applied in ways that may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. For example, a wide variety of provincial, state, national and international laws and regulations apply to the collection, use, retention, protection, disclosure, transfer and other processing of personal data. While we generally have not collected data from Internet users that is traditionally considered personally identifiable data, such as name, email address, address, phone numbers, social security numbers, credit card numbers, financial or health data, we typically do collect and store IP addresses, other device identifiers that are or may be considered personal data in some jurisdictions or otherwise may be the subject of legislation or regulation.

For example, in the United States, various federal and state regulators, including governmental agencies like the Federal Trade Commission, or the FTC, have adopted, or are considering adopting, laws and regulations concerning privacy and data protection. Certain state laws may be more stringent or broader in scope, or offer greater individual rights, with respect to personal information than federal, international or other state laws, and such laws may differ from each other, all of which may complicate compliance efforts. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, or the CCPA, which increases privacy rights for California residents and imposes obligations on companies that process their personal information (including device identifiers, IP addresses, cookies and geo-location), came into effect on January 1, 2020. Among other things, the CCPA requires covered companies to provide new disclosures to California consumers and provide such consumers new data protection and privacy rights, including the ability to opt-out of certain sales of personal information. The CCPA provides for civil penalties for violations, as well as a private right of action for certain data breaches that result in the loss of personal information. Additionally, voters approved a new privacy law, the California Privacy Rights Act, or the CPRA, in November 2020. Beginning on January 1, 2023, the CPRA will significantly modify the CCPA, including by expanding consumers’ rights with respect to certain sensitive personal information. State laws are changing rapidly and there is discussion in Congress of a new comprehensive federal data privacy law to which we would become subject if it is enacted.

Internationally, laws, regulations and standards in many jurisdictions apply broadly to the collection, use, retention, security, disclosure, transfer and other processing of personal data. For example, the GDPR, which became effective in May 2018, greatly increased the European Commission’s jurisdictional reach of its laws and adds a broad array of requirements for handling personal data (including online identifiers and location data). EU member states are tasked under the GDPR to enact, and have enacted, certain implementing legislation that adds to and/or further interprets the GDPR requirements and potentially extends our obligations and potential liability for failing to meet such obligations. The GDPR, together with national legislation, regulations and guidelines of the EU member states and the United Kingdom governing the processing of personal data, impose strict obligations and restrictions on the ability to collect, use, retain, protect, disclose, transfer and otherwise process personal data. In particular, the GDPR includes obligations and restrictions concerning the consent and rights of individuals to whom the personal data relates, the transfer of personal data out of the European Economic Area or the United Kingdom, security breach notifications and the security and confidentiality of personal data. The GDPR authorizes fines for certain violations of up to 4% of global annual revenue or €20 million, whichever is greater. In addition, some countries are considering or have passed legislation implementing data protection requirements or requiring local storage and processing of data or similar requirements that could increase the cost and complexity of delivering our services.

Evolving and changing definitions of personal data, within the EU, the United States and elsewhere, especially relating to classification of IP addresses, machine or device identifiers and other information, have in the past and could cause us in the future, to change our business practices, expend significant costs to modify our data processing practices or policies, distract management or divert resources from other initiatives and project, or limit or inhibit our ability to operate or expand our business. Data protection and privacy-related laws and regulations are evolving and could result in ever-increasing regulatory and public scrutiny and escalating levels of enforcement and sanctions. While we currently take steps to avoid collecting personal data that would enable the direct identification of Internet users, we may inadvertently receive this information from advertisers or advertising agencies or through the process of delivering our service. Additionally, while we take measures to protect the security of information that we collect, use and disclose in the operation of our business, and to offer certain privacy protections with respect to such information, such measures may not always be effective. Our advertising clients or digital property partners have or may in the future impose new restrictions relating to the GDPR, the CCPA and other privacy and data protection laws and regulations with which we must adapt and comply. Our failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations, or to protect personal data, could result in enforcement or litigation action against us, including fines, sanctions, penalties, judgments, imprisonment of our officers and public censure, claims for damages by consumers and other affected individuals, damage to our reputation and loss of goodwill, any of which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Even the perception of privacy concerns, whether or not valid, could harm our reputation and inhibit adoption of our solutions by current and future clients and partners.

As the use of cookies has received ongoing media attention in recent years, some government regulators and privacy advocates have suggested creating a “Do Not Track” standard that would allow Internet users to express a preference, independent of cookie settings in their web browser, not to have their website browsing recorded. All the major Internet browsers have implemented some version of a “Do Not Track” setting. Microsoft’s Internet Explorer includes a “Do Not Track” setting that is selected “on” by default. However, there is limited guidance, consensus and industry standards regarding the definition of “tracking,” what message is conveyed by a “Do Not Track” setting and how to respond to a “Do Not Track” preference. We could face competing policy standards, or standards that put our business model at a competitive disadvantage to other companies that collect data from Internet users, standards that reduce the effectiveness of our solutions, or standards that require us to make costly changes to our solutions. The FTC has stated that it will pursue a legislative solution if the industry cannot agree upon a standard. “Do Not Track” has seen renewed emphasis from proponents of the CCPA, and the CCPA, in certain circumstances, requires browser-based or similar “do not sell” signals. If a standard is imposed by state or federal legislation, or agreed upon by standard setting groups, that requires us to recognize a “Do Not Track” signal and prohibits us from using data as we currently do, then that could hinder growth of advertising and content production on the web generally, and limit the quality and amount of data we are able to store and use, which would cause us to change our business practices and adversely affect our business.

As “native” advertising, or advertising content designed to blend in with editorial content, increases in popularity among advertisers, digital properties, marketers and regulators are still considering varying approaches and guidelines relating to the labelling of such content. In the United States, the FTC requires that all online advertising must meet a few basic principles: it must be truthful and not misleading, it must substantiate any express or implied claims, it cannot be unfair or deceptive, and any disclosures necessary to make an ad accurate must be clear and conspicuous. The FTC clarified those requirements in March 2013 with a document titled “Dot Com Disclosures: Information about Online Advertising.” Although open to interpretation, those guidelines suggested paid online ads must be disclosed and adequately labeled to users. In December 2013, the FTC held a workshop to discuss whether media outlets are adequately identifying sponsored stories. No clear answers were derived from the workshop, as the FTC did not offer specific guidance on exactly how that content should be labeled. However, failing to clearly disclose something material in an advertisement would, in the views of some participants, be a violation of Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914. Also, in May 2019, the Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB), a self-regulatory agency, released its “Native Advertising Playbook 2.0” with the aim of providing a framework for native advertising, including how to clearly and prominently disclose the material as an advertisement. The playbook explains that native advertising must plainly disclose that the ad has been paid for in a conspicuous manner, but does not provide much in the way of additional disclosure guidance. Similarly, self-regulatory bodies such as the National Advertising Division (“NAD”), the investigative unit of the advertising industry’s system of self-regulation administered by the Council of Better Business Bureaus, which has in the past year investigated several advertisers for their native advertising practices in the print and digital space as part of its routine monitoring program, has not provided specific guidance to digital properties and marketers. The NAD’s guidance has relied on the FTC’s advice to search engine companies, which emphasizes the need for visual cues, labels or other techniques to effectively distinguish advertisements in order to avoid misleading consumers, but does not specify what cues, labels or techniques should be used. In the past, both NAD and Advertising Standards Authority, the UK’s independent regulator of advertising, have handled complaints filed against us with respect to our labeling. While those complaints have since been resolved and we seek to comply with respect to the clear labeling rules and guidance issued by NAD and ASA, it is possible that the FTC or one of these self-regulatory bodies could disagree and find that our disclosures are not sufficiently clear or conspicuous to avoid misleading consumers and should be modified. Similar or more stringent standards and self-regulatory principals have been or could be implemented in other countries as well.

If we make mistakes in the implementation of such guidance, or our commitments with respect to these principles, we could be subject to negative publicity, government investigation, government or private litigation, or investigation by self-regulatory bodies or other accountability groups. Any such action against us could be costly and time consuming, require us to change our business practices, cause us to divert management’s attention and our resources and be damaging to our reputation and our business. Moreover, additional or different disclosures may lead to a reduction in end-user’s interaction with sponsored content we distribute resulting in reduced profitability to our digital properties and ourselves.

We are subject to complex and changing advertising regulations in many jurisdictions in which we operate, and we are obligated to comply with such advertising regulations in connection with the advertising we distribute on behalf of our advertiser clients. For example, much of the federal oversight on digital advertising in the U.S. currently comes from the FTC, which has primarily relied upon Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, which prohibits companies from engaging in “unfair” or “deceptive” trade practices, including alleged violations of representations concerning privacy protections and acts that allegedly violate individuals’ privacy interests. If we or our advertiser clients are not able to comply with these laws or regulations or if we become liable under these laws or regulations, we could be directly harmed, and we may be forced to implement new measures to reduce our exposure to this liability. This may require us to expend substantial resources or to alter our business strategy, which would negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our platform allows our advertisers’ advertisements to be displayed on the digital properties of our partners. Although Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act provides immunity, subject to certain conditions, to certain online platforms from claims related to third-party content, the law relating to the liability of online service providers for others’ activities on their services may change. Congressional efforts to restrict the scope of the protections available to online platforms under Section 230, and our current protections from liability for third-party content in the United States, could decrease or change as a result. Claims may be brought against us for defamation, negligence, breach of contract, copyright and trademark infringement, unfair competition, unlawful activity, torts, fraud, or other legal theories based on the nature and content of information available on or via our platform.

We may be subject to claims by virtue of our involvement in hosting, transmitting or providing access to content created by third parties. Defense of any such actions could be costly and involve significant time and attention of our management and other resources, may result in monetary liabilities or penalties, or may require us to change our business in an adverse manner. If the content or ads displayed on our platform are found to be illegal under applicable local law, we may be exposed to fines, civil penalties or consent decrees for such violations of law, which could adversely affect our revenue, reputation and results of operations. In extreme cases, false advertising could lead not only to civil penalties and fines, but also allegations of criminal wrongdoing.

From time to time we are involved in various legal proceedings or government investigations, including, but not limited to, actions relating to breach of contract, intellectual property infringement, competition law or other issues. For example, in April 2021, we became aware that the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice is conducting a criminal investigation of hiring activities in our industry, including us. We are cooperating with the Antitrust Division. While there can be no assurances as to the ultimate outcome, we do not believe that our conduct violated applicable law. Claims may be expensive to defend, may divert management’s time away from our operations, and may affect the availability and premiums of our liability insurance coverage, regardless of whether they are meritorious or ultimately lead to a judgment against us. We cannot assure you we will be able to successfully defend or resolve any current or future litigation matters, in which case those litigation matters could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results, cash flows, reputation and prospects.

As a multinational organization, operating in multiple jurisdictions such as Israel, the United States, the European Union, United Kingdom, Turkey, Brazil, China, Japan, South Korea, India and Thailand, among others, we may be subject to taxation in several jurisdictions around the world with increasingly complex tax laws, the application of which may be uncertain. The amount of taxes we pay in these jurisdictions could increase substantially as a result of changes in the applicable tax principles, including increased tax rates, new tax laws or revised interpretations of existing tax laws and precedents, which could have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and results of operations. In addition, as internet commerce and globalization continue to evolve, increasing regulation by government authorities becomes more likely. Our business could be negatively impacted by the application of existing laws and regulations or the enactment of new laws applicable to digital advertising. The cost to comply with such laws or regulations could be significant, and we may be unable to pass along those costs to our clients in the form of increased fees, which may negatively affect our business and results of operation. We are subject to regular review and audit by Israeli, US and other foreign tax authorities. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the authorities in these jurisdictions could review our tax returns and impose additional taxes, interest and penalties, and the authorities could claim that various withholding requirements apply to us or our subsidiaries or assert that benefits of tax treaties are not available to us or our subsidiaries, any of which could materially affect our income tax provision, net income, or cash flows in the period or periods for which such determination and settlement is made.

The tax effects of the accounting for stock-based compensation may significantly impact our effective tax rate from period to period. In periods in which our stock price is higher than the grant price of the stock-based compensation vesting in that period, we will recognize excess tax benefits that will decrease our effective tax rate, while in periods in which our stock price is lower than the grant price of the stock-based compensation vesting in that period, our effective tax rate may increase. The amount and value of stock-based compensation issued relative to our earnings in a particular period will also affect the magnitude of the impact of stock-based compensation on our effective tax rate. These tax effects are dependent on our stock price, which we do not control, and a decline in our stock price could significantly increase our effective tax rate and adversely affect our financial results.

We collect value added and other similar taxes in a number of jurisdictions. One or more countries or U.S. states may seek to impose incremental or new sales, use, value added, digital services, or other tax collection obligations on us. A successful assertion by one or more U.S. states or foreign countries or change of law requiring us to collect taxes where we presently do not do so, or to collect more taxes in a jurisdiction in which we currently do collect some taxes, could result in substantial liabilities, including taxes on past sales, as well as interest and penalties. Furthermore, certain jurisdictions, such as the United Kingdom, France, India and Italy have recently introduced a digital services tax, which is generally a tax on gross revenue generated from users or customers located in those jurisdictions, and other jurisdictions have enacted or are considering enacting similar laws. A successful assertion by a U.S. state or local government, or other country or jurisdiction that we should have been or should be collecting additional sales, use, value added, digital services or other similar taxes could, among other things, result in substantial tax payments, create significant administrative burdens for us, discourage potential customers from subscribing to our platform due to the incremental cost of any such sales or other related taxes, or otherwise harm our business.

Some of our operations in Israel, referred to as “Privileged Enterprise” for FY 2018-2019 and “Preferred Technological Enterprise” commencing FY 2020 carry certain tax benefits under the Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 5719-1959 (the “Investment Law”). In order to be eligible for tax benefits under the Investment Law, our Privileged/Preferred Technological Enterprises must comply with various conditions set forth in the Investment Law, as well as periodic reporting obligations. If we do not meet the requirements for maintaining these benefits or if our assumptions regarding the key elements affecting our tax rates are rejected by the Israeli tax authorities, they may be reduced or cancelled and the relevant operations would be subject to Israeli corporate tax at the standard rate, which is 23% in 2018 and thereafter.

In addition to being subject to the standard corporate tax rate, we could be required to refund any tax benefits we have already received, plus interest and penalties thereon under this program or similar programs we have utilized in the past. Even if we continue to meet the relevant requirements, the tax benefits our current “Privileged/Preferred Technological Enterprise” receive may not be continued in the future at their current levels or at all. If these tax benefits were reduced or eliminated, the amount of taxes we pay would likely increase, as all of our Israeli operations would consequently be subject to corporate tax at the standard rate, which could adversely affect our results of operations. Additionally, if we increase our activities outside of Israel, for example, by way of acquisitions, our increased activities may not be eligible for inclusion in Israeli tax benefit programs. If Israel discontinues or modifies these programs and potential tax benefits, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Many of the jurisdictions in which we conduct business have detailed transfer pricing rules, which require contemporaneous documentation establishing that all transactions with non-resident related parties be priced using arm’s length pricing principles. The tax authorities in these jurisdictions could challenge our related party transfer pricing policies and as a consequence the tax treatment of corresponding expenses and income. International transfer pricing is an area of taxation that depends heavily on the underlying facts and circumstances and generally involves

a significant degree of judgment. If any of these tax authorities were to be successful in challenging our transfer pricing policies, we may be liable for additional corporate income tax, and penalties and interest related thereto, which may have a significant impact on our results of operations and financial condition.

We are subject to export control and import laws and regulations, including the U.S. Export Administration Regulations, U.S. Customs regulations and various economic and trade sanctions regulations administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control. We are also subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, the U.S. domestic bribery statute contained in 18 U.S.C. § 201, the U.S. Travel Act, the USA PATRIOT Act, the United Kingdom Bribery Act 2010, the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, Chapter 9 (sub-chapter 5) of the Israeli Penal Law, 1977, the Israeli Prohibition on Money Laundering Law—2000 and possibly other anti-bribery and anti-money laundering laws in countries outside of the United States in which we conduct our activities. Compliance with these laws has been the subject of increasing focus and activity by regulatory authorities, both in the United States and elsewhere, in recent years. Anti-corruption laws are interpreted broadly and prohibit companies and their employees and third-party intermediaries from authorizing, promising, offering, providing, soliciting or accepting, directly or indirectly, improper payments or benefits to or from any person whether in the public or private sector. Although we endeavor to conduct our business in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, we cannot guarantee compliance.

Noncompliance with anti-corruption, anti-money laundering, export control, sanctions and other trade laws could subject us to whistleblower complaints, investigations, sanctions, settlements, prosecution, other enforcement actions, disgorgement of profits, significant fines, damages, other civil and criminal penalties or injunctions, suspension and/or debarment from contracting with certain persons, the loss of export privileges, reputational harm, adverse media coverage and other collateral consequences. If subpoenas or investigations are launched, or governmental or other sanctions are imposed, or if we do not prevail in any possible civil or criminal litigation, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially harmed. Responding to any action will likely result in a materially significant diversion of management’s attention and resources and significant defense and compliance costs and other professional fees. In addition, regulatory authorities may seek to hold us liable for successor liability for violations committed by companies in which we invest or that we acquire. As a general matter, enforcement actions and sanctions could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our success depends, in part, on our ability to protect proprietary methods and technologies that we develop under the intellectual property laws of Israel, the United States and other countries, so that we can prevent others from using our inventions and proprietary information. If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights adequately, our competitors might gain access to our technology, and our business could be adversely affected. We rely on trademark, copyright, trade secret and confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions to protect our proprietary methods and technologies. We have not received any patents covering our proprietary methods or technologies.

Unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of our technology or obtain and use information we regard as proprietary. We generally enter into confidentiality and/or license agreements with our employees, consultants, vendors and advertisers, and generally limit access to and distribution of our proprietary information. However, any steps taken by us may not prevent misappropriation of our technology and proprietary information. Policing unauthorized use of our technology is difficult. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries may not be as protective of intellectual property rights as those of the United States, and mechanisms for enforcement of our proprietary rights in such countries may be inadequate. From time to time, legal action by us may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others, or to defend against claims of infringement. Although we rely on trade secret laws to protect our intellectual property, we may encounter difficulties enforcing our rights given the lack of patent protection. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and the diversion of limited resources and could negatively

affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. If we are unable to protect our proprietary rights, including aspects of our technology platform, we may find ourselves at a competitive disadvantage to others who have not incurred the same level of expense, time and effort to create and protect their intellectual property.

Third parties may assert claims of infringement of intellectual property rights in proprietary technology against us or against our digital properties or advertisers for which we may be held liable or have an indemnification obligation. Our risk of third-party claims may be increased to the extent we rely on unaffiliated persons or firms, over whom we have less control than we would have over our own employees, to develop code. Any claim of infringement by a third party, even those without merit, could cause us to incur substantial costs defending against the claim and could distract our management from operating our business.

Although third parties may offer a license to their technology, the terms of any offered license may not be acceptable and the failure to obtain a license or the costs associated with any license could cause our business, financial condition and results of operations to be materially and adversely affected. In addition, some licenses may be non-exclusive, and therefore our competitors may have access to the same technology licensed to us. Alternatively, we may be required to develop non-infringing technology, which could require significant effort and expense and ultimately may not be successful. Furthermore, a successful claimant could secure a judgment or we may agree to a settlement that prevents us from distributing certain products or performing certain services or that requires us to pay substantial damages, including treble damages if we are found to have willfully infringed such claimant’s patents or copyrights, royalties or other fees. Any of these events could seriously harm our business financial condition and results of operations.

We receive representations from advertisers that the content we place on their behalf does not infringe on any third-party rights. We also rely on representations from our digital properties that they maintain adequate privacy policies that allow us to place pixels on their properties and collect data from users that visit those websites to aid in delivering our solutions. However, we do not independently verify whether we are permitted to deliver advertising to our digital properties’ Internet users or that the content we deliver is legally permitted. If any of our advertisers’ or digital properties’ representations are untrue and our advertisers or digital properties do not abide by foreign, federal, state or local laws or regulations governing their content or privacy practices, we could become subject to legal claims against us, we could be exposed to potential liability (for which we may or may not be indemnified by our advertisers or digital properties), and our reputation could be damaged. Even in those instances where our advertisers and digital properties do indemnify us, it is possible these entities may not be willing or able to cover the claims and we will be responsible for the cost of litigation or required to pay substantial damages.

Our agreements with digital properties, advertiser and other third parties may include indemnification provisions under which we agree to indemnify them for losses suffered or incurred as a result of claims of intellectual property infringement, damages caused by us to property or persons, or other liabilities relating to or arising from our products, services, or other contractual obligations. The term of these indemnity provisions generally survives termination or expiration of the applicable agreement. Large indemnity payments would harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our platform, including our computational infrastructure, relies on software licensed to us by third-party authors under “open-source” licenses. The use of open-source software may entail greater risks than the use of third-party commercial software, as open-source licensors generally do not provide warranties or other contractual protections regarding infringement claims or the quality of the code. Some open-source licenses contain requirements that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon the type of open-source

software we use. If we combine our proprietary software with open-source software in a certain manner, we could, under certain open-source licenses, be required to release the source code of our proprietary software to the public. This would allow our competitors to create similar solutions with less development effort and time and ultimately put us at a competitive disadvantage.

Although we monitor our use of open-source software to avoid subjecting our products to conditions we do not intend, the terms of many open-source licenses have not been interpreted by United States courts, and there is a risk that these licenses could be construed in a way that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize our services. Moreover, we cannot guarantee our processes for controlling our use of open-source software will be effective. If we are held to have breached the terms of an open-source software license, we could be required to seek licenses from third parties to continue operating our platform on terms that are not economically feasible, to re-engineer our platform or the supporting computational infrastructure to discontinue use of certain code, or to make generally available, in source code form, portions of our proprietary code, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As we grow our business, we expect to continue to invest in technology services, hardware and software, including data centers, network services, storage and database technologies. Creating the appropriate support for our technology platform, including large-scale serving infrastructure and big data transmission, storage and computation infrastructure, is expensive and complex, and our execution could result in inefficiencies or operational failures and increased vulnerability to cyber-attacks or breaches, which, in turn, could diminish the quality of our services and our performance for our digital properties and our advertisers. Cyber-attacks could include denial-of-service attacks impacting service availability (including the ability to deliver ads) and reliability; the exploitation of software vulnerabilities in Internet facing applications; phishing attacks or social engineering of system administrators (tricking company employees into releasing control of their systems to a hacker); or the introduction of computer viruses, ransomware or malware into our systems with a view to steal confidential or proprietary data. Cyber-attacks of increasing sophistication may be difficult to detect and could result in the theft of our intellectual property and our data or our digital properties’ or advertisers’ data. In addition, we are vulnerable to unintentional errors as well as malicious actions by persons with authorized access to our systems that exceed the scope of their access rights, or unintentionally or intentionally alter parameters or otherwise interfere with the intended operations of our platform.

A hack into our system or a technology glitch may cause a catastrophic effect where a large number of digital properties will stop using our service in a short period of time. While we take measures to protect the security of the systems and information used in the operation of our business, and to implement certain privacy protections with respect to such information, such measures may not always be effective. The steps we take to increase the reliability, integrity and security of our systems as they scale may be expensive and may not prevent system failures, unintended vulnerabilities or other cybersecurity incidents, including those resulting from the increasing number of persons with access to our systems, complex interactions within our technology platform and the increasing number of connections with third party partners and vendors’ technology. Furthermore, because the methods of cyber-attack and deception change frequently, are increasingly complex and sophisticated, and can originate from a wide variety of sources, including nation-state actors, despite our reasonable efforts to ensure the integrity of our systems, we may not be able to anticipate, detect, appropriately react and respond to, or implement effective preventative measures against, all cybersecurity incidents. In addition to our own systems, we use third-party vendors to store, transmit and otherwise process certain of our confidential or proprietary data on our behalf. Due to applicable laws and regulations or contractual obligations, we may be held responsible for any cybersecurity incident attributed to our service providers as they relate to the information we share with them. Although we contractually require these service providers to implement and use reasonable security measures, we cannot control third parties and cannot guarantee a security breach will not occur in their systems.

We may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to protect against, respond to, and recover from any potential, attempted, or existing cybersecurity incidents. As cybersecurity incidents continue to evolve, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to continue to modify or enhance our protective measures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities. In addition, our remediation efforts may not be successful. The inability to implement, maintain and upgrade adequate safeguards could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow. Operational errors or failures or successful

cyber-attacks, media reports about such an incident, whether accurate or not, or our failure to make adequate or timely disclosures to the public or law enforcement agencies following any such event, whether due to delayed discovery or a failure to follow existing protocols, could result in damage to our reputation, loss of current and new digital properties or advertisers and other partners and clients, the disclosure of personal, confidential, sensitive or proprietary data, interruptions to our operations and distraction to our management, and significant legal, regulatory and financial liabilities and lost revenues, which could harm our business.

While we currently maintain cybersecurity insurance, such insurance may not be sufficient in type or amount to cover us against claims related to breaches, failures or other cybersecurity-related incidents, and we cannot be certain that cyber insurance will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms, or at all, or that any insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We depend upon the sustained and uninterrupted performance of our technology platform to operate fundamental aspects of our business. If our technology platform cannot scale to meet demand, or if there are defects or errors in our execution of any of these functions on our platform, then our business could be harmed. Our software and systems are complex and may contain defects or errors, or may experience failures when implemented or when new functionality is released, as we may modify, enhance, upgrade and implement new software, systems, procedures and controls to reflect changes in our business, technological advancements and changing industry trends. Undetected errors and failures may occur, especially when new versions or updates are made. Despite testing by us, errors or bugs in our software have in the past, and may in the future, not be found until the software is in our live operating environment. Any defects, errors, failures or other similar performance problems or disruptions in our software or systems could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Defects, errors, failures or other similar performance problems or disruptions, whether in connection with day-to-day operations or otherwise, could damage our clients’ businesses and result in negative publicity, damage to our brand and reputation, loss of or delay in market acceptance of our solutions, increased costs or loss of revenue, loss of competitive position or claims by advertisers for losses sustained by them. In such an event, we may be required or choose to expend additional resources to help mitigate any problems resulting from defects, errors or failures in our software or systems. Alleviating problems resulting from defects, errors or failures in our software or systems could require significant expenditures of capital and other resources and could cause interruptions, delays or the cessation of our business, any of which would adversely impact our financial position, results of operations and growth prospects. In addition, if we experience any defects, errors, failures or other performance problems, our partners could seek to terminate or elect not to renew their contracts, delay or withhold payment or make claims against us. Any of these actions could result in liability, lost business, increased insurance costs, difficulty in collecting accounts receivable, costly litigation or adverse publicity, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Additionally, our software utilizes open-source software and any defects or errors in such open-source software could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We rely on a variety of third-party service providers in connection with the operation of our solutions. Any performance issues, errors, bugs or defects in third-party software or services could result in errors, defects or a failure of our solutions, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Many of our third-party service providers attempt to impose limitations on their liability for such performance issues, errors, bugs or defects, and if enforceable, we may have additional liability to our clients or to other third parties that could harm our reputation and increase our operating costs. Additionally, in the future, we might need to license other software or services to enhance our solutions and meet evolving client demands and requirements, which may not be available to us on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Any limitations in our

ability to use or obtain third-party software or services could significantly increase our expenses and otherwise result in delays, a reduction in functionality or errors or failures of our solutions until equivalent technology or content is either developed by us or, if available, identified, obtained through purchase or licensed and integrated into our solutions, which could adversely affect our business. In addition, third-party software and services may expose us to increased risks, including risks associated with the integration of new technology, the diversion of resources from the development of our own proprietary technology and our inability to generate revenue from new technology sufficient to offset associated acquisition and maintenance costs, all of which may increase our expenses and materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. We will need to maintain our relationships with third-party service providers and obtain software and services from such providers that do not contain any errors or defects. Any failure to do so could adversely affect our ability to deliver effective solutions to our clients and adversely affect our business.

Most members of our management team have limited experience managing a publicly traded company, interacting with public company investors, and complying with the increasingly complex laws, rules and regulations that govern public companies. As a public company, we are subject to significant obligations relating to reporting, procedures and internal controls, and our management team may not successfully or efficiently manage such obligations. These obligations and scrutiny will require significant attention from our management and could divert their attention away from the day-to-day management of our business, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As a private company, we have not been required to evaluate our internal control over financial reporting in a manner that meets the standards of publicly traded companies required by Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes Oxley Act, or Section 404. As a public company, we will have significant requirements for enhanced financial reporting and internal controls. The process of designing, implementing, testing and maintaining effective internal controls is a continuous effort that will require us to anticipate and react to changes in our business and the economic and regulatory environments. In this regard, we will need to continue to dedicate internal resources, potentially engage outside consultants, adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing whether such controls are functioning as documented, and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting.

It is possible that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective because it cannot detect or prevent material errors at a reasonable level of assurance. If we are unable to establish or maintain appropriate internal financial reporting controls and procedures, it could cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations on a timely basis, result in material misstatements in our consolidated financial statements and adversely affect our operating results. In addition, we will be required, pursuant to Section 404, to furnish a report by our management on, among other things, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in the second annual report filed with the SEC. This assessment will need to include disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by our management in our internal control over financial reporting. The rules governing the standards that must be met for our management to assess our internal control over financial reporting are complex and require significant documentation and testing. Testing and maintaining internal controls may divert our management’s attention from other matters that are important to our business. In addition, pursuant to Section 404, we will be required to include in the annual reports that we file with the SEC an attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm.

Furthermore, as a public company, we may, during the course of our testing of our internal controls over financial reporting, or during the subsequent testing by our independent registered public accounting firm, identify deficiencies which would have to be remediated to satisfy the SEC rules for certification of our internal controls over financial reporting. As a consequence, we may have to disclose in periodic reports we file with the SEC significant

deficiencies or material weaknesses in our system of internal controls. The existence of a material weakness would preclude management from concluding that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective, and would preclude our independent auditors from issuing an unqualified opinion that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective. In addition, disclosures of this type in our SEC reports could cause investors to lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reporting and may negatively affect the trading price of our ordinary shares, and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by regulatory authorities. Moreover, effective internal controls are necessary to produce reliable financial reports and to prevent fraud. If we have deficiencies in our disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls over financial reporting, it could negatively impact our business, results of operations and reputation.

Because we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the Exchange Act that are applicable to U.S. domestic public companies, including (1) the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act, (2) the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their share ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time and (3) the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q containing unaudited financial and other specified information, although we are subject to Israeli laws and regulations with regard to certain of these matters and intend to furnish comparable quarterly information on Form 6-K. In addition, foreign private issuers are not required to file their annual report on Form 20-F until 120 days after the end of each fiscal year, while U.S. domestic issuers that are accelerated filers are required to file their annual report on Form 10-K within 75 days after the end of each fiscal year and U.S. domestic issuers that are large accelerated filers are required to file their annual report on Form 10-K within 60 days after the end of each fiscal year. Foreign private issuers are also exempt from Regulation FD, which is intended to prevent issuers from making selective disclosures of material information. As a result of all of the above, you may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of a company that is not a foreign private issuer.

As discussed above, we are a foreign private issuer, and therefore, we are not required to comply with all of the periodic disclosure and current reporting requirements of the Exchange Act. The determination of foreign private issuer status is made annually on the last business day of an issuer’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, and, accordingly, the next determination will be made with respect to us on June 30, 2021. In the future, we would lose our foreign private issuer status if (1) more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities are owned by U.S. residents and (2) a majority of our directors or executive officers are U.S. citizens or residents, or we fail to meet additional requirements necessary to avoid loss of foreign private issuer status. If we lose our foreign private issuer status, we will be required to file with the SEC periodic reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms, which are more detailed and extensive than the forms available to a foreign private issuer. We will also have to mandatorily comply with U.S. federal proxy requirements, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders will become subject to the short-swing profit disclosure and recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we will lose our ability to rely upon exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements under the listing rules of Nasdaq. As a U.S. listed public company that is not a foreign private issuer, we will incur significant additional legal, accounting and other expenses that we will not incur as a foreign private issuer.

As a foreign private issuer, we have the option to follow certain home country corporate governance practices rather than those of Nasdaq, provided that we disclose the requirements we are not following and describe the home country practices we are following. We intend to rely on this “foreign private issuer exemption” with respect to Nasdaq rules for shareholder meetings quorums and rules requiring shareholder approval. We may in the future elect to follow home country practices with regard to other matters. As a result, our shareholders may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.

As a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, the listing requirements of Nasdaq and other applicable securities rules and regulations impose various requirements on public companies, including establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and corporate governance practices. Our management and other personnel continue to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations will continue to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. For example, we expect that these rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board.

We continue to evaluate these rules and regulations and cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs. These rules and regulations are often subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices.

We are required to comply with the SEC’s rules implementing Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which will require management to certify financial and other information in our annual reports and provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of control over financial reporting. Though we will be required to disclose material changes in internal control over financial reporting on an annual basis, we will not be required to make our first annual assessment of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 until the year following our first annual report required to be filed with the SEC. To achieve compliance with Section 404 within the prescribed period, we will be engaged in a process to document and evaluate our internal control over financial reporting, which is both costly and challenging. In this regard, we will need to continue to dedicate internal resources, potentially engage outside consultants and adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing that controls are functioning as documented and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting.

We currently have limited accounting personnel and we have begun the process of evaluating the adequacy of our accounting personnel staffing level and other matters related to our internal control over financial reporting. Despite our efforts, there is a risk that we will not be able to conclude, within the prescribed timeframe or at all, that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as required by Section 404. If we identify one or more material weaknesses, it could result in an adverse reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements. As a result, the market price of our ordinary shares could be negatively affected, and we could become subject to litigation including shareholder suits or investigations by the stock exchange on which our securities are listed, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.

The market price of our ordinary shares could be highly volatile and may fluctuate substantially as a result of many factors, including:

In addition, the stock markets have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. Broad market and industry factors may materially harm the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our operating performance. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against that company. If we were involved in any similar litigation we could incur substantial costs and our management’s attention and resources could be diverted.

An active trading market may not be sustained for our ordinary shares. The lack of an active market may impair your ability to sell your shares at the time you wish to sell them or at a price that you consider reasonable. An inactive market may also impair our ability to raise capital by selling ordinary shares and may impair our ability to acquire other companies by using our shares as consideration.

Immediately following completion of the Business Combination and the other Transactions, we will have 213,228,286 ordinary shares outstanding, assuming no redemptions. Sales by us or our shareholders of a substantial number of ordinary shares, the issuance of ordinary shares as consideration for acquisitions, or the perception that these sales might occur, could cause the market price of our ordinary shares to decline or could impair our ability to raise capital through a future sale of, or pay for acquisitions using, our equity securities.

As of December 31, 2020, after giving pro forma effect to the Merger and the other Transactions, we would have had 32,150,000 shares available for future grant under our share option plans and 75,446,042 ordinary shares that were subject to share options and restricted share units. Of this amount, after giving pro forma effect to the Business Combination and the other Transactions, 59,958,770 would have been vested and exercisable as of December 31, 2020. Subsequent to December 31, 2020, we granted additional options and restricted share units to certain employees as more fully described in “Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Financial Information—Basis of Presentation” and “Management Following the Business Combination — Aggregate Compensation of Executive Officers and Directors”.

We have never declared or paid any dividends on our ordinary shares. We do not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance operations and expand our business.

Our board of directors has sole discretion over whether to pay dividends. If our board of directors decides to pay dividends, the form, frequency and amount will depend upon our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that our directors may deem relevant. In addition, the Israel Companies Law imposes restrictions on our ability to declare and pay dividends. Payment of dividends may also be subject to Israeli withholding taxes.

The trading market for our ordinary shares will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us or our business. We do not currently have and may never obtain research coverage by securities and industry analysts. If no or few securities or industry analysts commence coverage of us, the trading price for our ordinary shares would be negatively impacted. In the event we obtain securities or industry analyst coverage, if any of the analysts who cover us issue an adverse or misleading opinion regarding us, our business model, our intellectual property or our stock performance, or if our results of operations fail to meet the expectations of analysts, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of us or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

Our amended and restated articles of association to be effective upon the closing of the Business Combination provide that the federal district courts of the United States shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any claims arising under the Securities Act or the Federal Forum Provision. However, the exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act. While the Federal Forum Provision does not restrict the ability of our shareholders to bring claims under the Securities Act, nor does it affect the remedies available thereunder if such claims are successful, we recognize that it may limit shareholders’ ability to bring a claim in the judicial forum that they find favorable and may increase certain litigation costs which may discourage the filing of claims under the Securities Act against the Company, its directors and officers. However, the enforceability of similar forum provisions (including exclusive federal forum provisions for actions, suits or proceedings asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act) in other companies' organizational documents has been challenged in legal proceedings and there is uncertainty as to whether courts would enforce the exclusive forum provisions in our amended and restated articles of association. If a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our amended and restated articles of association to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel, and our principal research and development facilities, including our major data centers, are located in Israel. Accordingly, political, economic and military conditions in Israel directly affect our business. Since the State of Israel was established in 1948, a number of armed conflicts have occurred between Israel and its Arab neighbors. In the event that our facilities are damaged as a result of hostile action or hostilities otherwise disrupt the ongoing operation of its facilities, our ability to deliver products to advertisers could be materially adversely affected.

Several countries, principally in the Middle East, still restrict doing business with Israel and Israeli companies, and additional countries may impose restrictions on doing business with Israel and Israeli companies if hostilities in Israel or political instability in the region continues or increases. Any hostilities involving Israel or the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its present trading partners, or significant downturn in the economic or financial condition of Israel, could adversely affect our operations and product development, and could cause our sales to decrease.

In addition, many Israeli citizens are obligated to perform several days, and in some cases more, of annual military reserve duty each year until they reach the age of 40 (or older, for reservists who are military officers or who have certain occupations) and, in the event of a military conflict, may be called to active duty. In response to increases in terrorist activity, there have been periods of significant call-ups of military reservists. It is possible that there will be military reserve duty call-ups in the future. Our operations could be disrupted by such call-ups, particularly if such call-ups include the call-up of members of our management. Such disruption could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We were incorporated under Israeli law and the rights and responsibilities of our shareholders are governed by our articles of association and Israeli law. These rights and responsibilities differ in some respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders of U.S. and other non-Israeli corporations. In particular, a shareholder of an Israeli company has a duty to act in good faith and in a customary manner in exercising its rights and performing its obligations towards the company and other shareholders and to refrain from abusing its power in the company, including, among other things, in voting at the general meeting of shareholders on certain matters, such as an amendment to the company’s articles of association, an increase of the company’s authorized share capital, a merger of the company and approval of related party transactions that require shareholder approval. A shareholder also has a general duty to refrain from discriminating against other shareholders. In addition, a controlling shareholder or a

shareholder who knows that it possesses the power to determine the outcome of a shareholders’ vote or to appoint or prevent the appointment of an office holder in the company has a duty to act in fairness towards the company. These provisions may be interpreted to impose additional obligations and liabilities on our shareholders that are not typically imposed on shareholders of U.S. corporations.

Provisions of Israeli law and our amended and restated articles of association to be effective upon the closing of the Business Combination could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control and may make it more difficult for a third-party to acquire us or our shareholders to elect different individuals to our board of directors, even if doing so would be considered to be beneficial by some of our shareholders, and may limit the price that investors may be willing to pay in the future for our ordinary shares. Among other things:

Further, Israeli tax considerations may make potential transactions undesirable to us or some of our shareholders whose country of residence does not have a tax treaty with Israel granting tax relief to such shareholders from Israeli tax. For example, Israeli tax law does not recognize tax-free share exchanges to the same extent as U.S. tax law. With respect to mergers, Israeli tax law allows for tax deferral in certain circumstances but makes the deferral contingent on the fulfillment of numerous conditions, including, a holding period of two years from the date of the transaction during which certain sales and dispositions of shares of the participating companies are restricted. Moreover, with respect to certain share swap transactions, the tax deferral is limited in time, and when such time expires, the tax becomes payable even if no disposition of the shares has occurred.

Unless we agree otherwise, the competent courts of Tel Aviv, Israel shall be the exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any director, officer or other employee of the Company to the Company or the Company’s shareholders, or (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Companies Law or the Israeli Securities Law. Such exclusive forum provision in our amended and restated articles of association will not relieve the Company of its duties to comply with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder, and shareholders of the Company will not be deemed to have waived the Company’s compliance with these laws, rules and regulations. This exclusive forum provision may limit a shareholders’ ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum of its choosing for disputes with the Company or its directors or other employees which may discourage lawsuits against the Company, its directors, officers and employees. The foregoing exclusive forum provision is intended to apply to claims arising under Israeli Law and would not apply to claims for which the federal courts of the United States would have exclusive jurisdiction, whether by law or pursuant to our amended and restated articles of association, including claims under the Securities Act for which there is a separate exclusive forum provision in our amended and restated articles of association. See “—Our amended and restated articles of association to be effective upon the closing of the Business Combination provide that unless we consent to an alternate forum, the federal district courts of the United States shall be the exclusive forum of resolution of any claims arising under the Securities Act which may impose additional litigation costs on our shareholders.”

We currently have sales denominated in currencies other than the US dollar. In addition, we incur a portion of our operating expenses in British pounds, Euro, Israeli shekels, Turkish lira, Japanese Yen and Thai baht, among others. Any fluctuation in the exchange rates of these foreign currencies could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. We have not previously engaged in foreign currency hedging. If we decide to hedge our foreign currency exposure, we may not be able to hedge effectively due to lack of experience, unreasonable costs or illiquid markets. In addition, those activities may be limited in the protection they provide us from foreign currency fluctuations and can themselves result in losses.

Our business depends on the overall demand for advertising and on the economic health of our current and prospective advertisers. Economic downturns or instability in political or market conditions may cause current or new advertisers to reduce their advertising budgets. Adverse economic conditions and general uncertainty about economic recovery are likely to affect our business prospects. This could expose us to increased credit risk on advertiser insertion orders, which, in turn, could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, continued geopolitical turmoil in many parts of the world have, and may continue to, put pressure on global economic conditions, which could lead to reduced spending on advertising.

We intend to continue to make investments to support our business growth and may require additional funds to respond to business challenges, including the need to develop new features or enhance our platform, improve our operating infrastructure or acquire complementary businesses and technologies. Accordingly, we may need to engage in public or private equity, equity-linked or debt financings to secure additional funds. If we raise additional funds through future issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of our existing stockholders. Any debt financing that we secure in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and

other financial and operational matters, including the ability to pay dividends. This may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. We may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, our ability to continue to support our business growth and respond to business challenges could be significantly impaired, and our business could be adversely affected.

Events beyond our control could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Disruption to our platform resulting from natural disasters, political events, war, terrorism, pandemics or other reasons could impair our ability to continue to provide uninterrupted platform service to our advertisers and digital properties. Similarly, disruptions in the operations of our key third-parties, such as data centers, servers or other technology providers, could have a material adverse effect on our business.

While we have disaster recovery arrangements in place, they have not been tested under actual disasters or similar events and may not effectively permit us to continue to provide our platform. If any of these events were to occur to our business, our business, results of operations, or financial condition could be adversely affected.

As of December 31, 2020, we have offices in Israel, the United States, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Turkey, Thailand, India, Japan, China, South Korea, Australia, Mexico, Germany, Spain and France. Expansion into new international markets requires additional management attention and resources in order to tailor our solutions to the unique aspects of each country. In addition, we face the following additional risks associated with our expansion into international locations:

These risks could harm our international expansion efforts, which could have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

When considering the recommendation of the board of directors of ION that ION shareholders vote in favor of the approval of the Business Combination, ION shareholders should be aware that ION’s directors and executive officers, and entities affiliated with them, have interests in the Business Combination that may be different from, or in addition to, the interests of ION shareholders. These interests include:

These financial interests of ION’s officers and directors, and entities affiliated with them, may have influenced their decision to approve the Business Combination. You should consider these interests when evaluating the Business Combination and the recommendation of the proposal to vote in favor of the Business Combination and other proposals to be presented to ION shareholders.

As a condition to closing the Business Combination, the Merger Agreement provides that the amount in the trust account (after giving effect to ION shareholder redemptions) and the proceeds from the PIPE Investment and the Secondary Purchases must equal or exceed $450,000,000 (the “Minimum Cash Condition”). Since the amount in the trust account is less than $450,000,000, the funds from the PIPE Investment and the Secondary Purchases are required in order to consummate the Business Combination, unless such condition is waived. While the PIPE Investors and Secondary Investors have entered into the Subscription Agreements and the Secondary Purchase Agreements to purchase an aggregate of up to approximately $286,200,000 immediately prior to the Closing, there can be no assurance that such parties to the Subscription Agreements and the Secondary Purchase Agreements will perform their obligations under the Subscription Agreements and the Secondary Purchase Agreements. If the PIPE Investment and the Secondary Purchases are not consummated and Taboola does not waive the Minimum Cash Condition, the Business Combination may be terminated.

Although ION has conducted due diligence on Taboola, there can be no assurance that this diligence revealed all material issues that may be present in Taboola’s businesses, that it would be possible to uncover all material issues through a customary amount of due diligence, or that factors outside of ION’s or Taboola’s control will not later arise. As a result, Taboola may be forced to later write-down or write-off assets, restructure its operations, or incur impairment or other charges that could result in losses. Even if the due diligence successfully identifies certain risks, unexpected risks may arise and previously known risks may materialize in a manner not consistent with Taboola’s preliminary risk assessment. Even though these charges may be non-cash items and not have an immediate impact on Taboola’s liquidity, the fact that Taboola reports charges of this nature could contribute to negative market perceptions about Taboola or its securities. In addition, charges of this nature may cause Taboola to violate net worth or other covenants to which it may be subject. Accordingly, any ION shareholders that choose to remain shareholders following the Business Combination could suffer a reduction in the value of their Taboola Ordinary Shares. Such ION shareholders are unlikely to have a remedy for such reduction in value unless they are able to successfully claim that the reduction was due to the breach by Taboola’s officers or directors of a fiduciary duty owed to them, or if they are able to successfully bring a private claim under securities laws that the proxy solicitation materials relating to the Business Combination contained an actionable material misstatement or material omission.

Under the terms of the public ION Warrants, ION will have the ability to redeem outstanding public ION Warrants at any time after they become exercisable and prior to their expiration. The Taboola Warrants to be issued in exchange for outstanding ION Warrants are expected to be exercisable 30 days after the closing of the Business Combination. When the Taboola Warrants become redeemable by Taboola, Taboola may exercise the redemption right even if it is unable to register or qualify the underlying securities for sale under all applicable state securities laws. Redemption of the outstanding Taboola Warrants could force holders (i) to exercise the Taboola Warrants and pay the exercise price therefor at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so, (ii) to sell the Taboola Warrants at the then-current market price when the holder might otherwise wish to hold its Taboola Warrants or (iii) to accept the nominal redemption price which, at the time the outstanding Taboola Warrants are called for redemption, is likely to be substantially less than the market value of the Taboola Warrants. The Taboola Warrants exchanged for ION Warrants that were issued in a private placement are not expected to be redeemable by Taboola so long as they are held by the Sponsors or their permitted transferees.

If the benefits of the Business Combination do not meet the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the market price of the Class A Ordinary Shares prior to the consummation of the Business Combination may decline. The trading prices of the Class A Ordinary Shares at the time of the Business Combination may vary significantly from their trading prices on the date the Merger Agreement was executed, the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, or the date on which ION shareholders vote to approve the Business Combination. Because the number of Taboola Ordinary Shares to be issued pursuant to the Merger Agreement will not be adjusted to reflect any changes in the market price of the Class A Ordinary Shares, the trading price of Taboola Ordinary Shares issued in the Business Combination may be higher or lower than the values of these shares on earlier dates.

In addition, following the Business Combination, fluctuations in the trading price of Taboola Ordinary Shares could contribute to the loss of all or part of your investment. Prior to the Business Combination, there has not been a public market for Taboola Ordinary Shares. Accordingly, the valuation ascribed to Taboola in the Business Combination may not be indicative of the price that will prevail in the trading market following the Business Combination. If an active market for Taboola’s securities develops and continues, the trading price of Taboola Ordinary Shares following the Business Combination could be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond Taboola’s control. Any of the factors listed below could have a material

adverse effect on your investment in Taboola Ordinary Shares and Taboola Ordinary Shares may trade at prices significantly below the price you paid for them. In such circumstances, the trading price of Taboola Ordinary Shares may not recover and may experience a further decline.

Factors affecting the trading price of Taboola Ordinary Shares may include:

Broad market and industry factors may materially harm the trading price of Taboola Ordinary Shares irrespective of Taboola’s operating performance. The stock market in general has experienced price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the particular companies affected. The trading prices and valuations of these stocks, and of Taboola Ordinary Shares, may not be predictable. A loss of investor confidence in the market for the stocks of other companies that investors perceive to be similar to Taboola could depress its share price regardless of its business, prospects, financial conditions, or results of operations. A decline in the trading price of Taboola Ordinary Shares also could adversely affect Taboola’s ability to issue additional securities and its ability to obtain additional financing in the future.

ION’s Sponsors, directors, officers, advisors or their affiliates may purchase Class A Ordinary Shares or ION Warrants in privately negotiated transactions or in the open market either before or following the completion of the Business Combination, although they are under no obligation to do so. There is no limit on the number of securities ION’s Sponsors, directors, officers, advisors or their affiliates may purchase in such transactions, subject to compliance with applicable law and the rules of the NYSE. However, other than as expressly stated herein, they have no current commitments, plans or intentions to engage in such transactions and have not formulated any terms or conditions for any such transactions. None of the funds in the trust account will be used to purchase Class A Ordinary Shares or ION Warrants in such transactions.

In the event that ION’s Sponsors, directors, officers, advisors or their affiliates purchase shares in privately negotiated transactions from other ION shareholders who have already elected to exercise their redemption rights,

such selling ION shareholders would be required to revoke their prior elections to redeem their Class A Ordinary Shares. The purpose of any such purchases of Class A Ordinary Shares could be to vote such shares in favor of the Business Combination and thereby increase the likelihood of obtaining shareholder approval of the Business Combination or to satisfy a closing condition in the Merger Agreement that requires ION to have a certain amount of cash at the consummation of the Business Combination, where it appears that such requirement would otherwise not be met. In addition, the purpose of any such purchases of ION Warrants could be, among other things, to reduce the number of ION Warrants outstanding. Any such purchases of ION’s securities may result in the completion of the Business Combination that may not otherwise have been possible.

In addition, if such purchases are made, the public “float” of Class A Ordinary Shares and the number of beneficial holders of ION’s securities may be reduced, possibly making it difficult to maintain the quotation, listing, or trading of ION’s securities on the NYSE or another national securities exchange, or a lack of liquidity, which could impair ION’s ability to fund its operations and adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations.

ION’s Sponsor, officers and directors have agreed to vote their shares in favor of the Business Combination. ION’s Sponsor, officers and directors own all of the Class B Ordinary Shares outstanding prior to the Business Combination which, when converted to Class A Ordinary Shares will comprise approximately 20% of the Class A Ordinary Shares. Accordingly, it is more likely that the necessary shareholder approval for the Business Combination will be received than would be the case if the Sponsor agreed to vote their shares in accordance with the majority of the votes cast by other ION shareholders.

The exercise price of the Taboola Warrants to be issued in exchange for the outstanding ION Warrants is $11.50 per Class A Ordinary Share. There can be no assurance that the Taboola Warrants will be in the money following the time they become exercisable and prior to their expiration, and as such, the Taboola Warrants may expire worthless.

Under the terms of the ION Articles, ION must complete the Business Combination or another business combination by October 6, 2022, or ION must cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, redeeming 100% of the outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares and, subject to the approval of the remaining ION shareholders and the Board, dissolving and liquidating. In such event, third parties may bring claims against ION. Although ION has obtained waiver agreements from certain vendors and service providers (other than its independent auditors) it has engaged and owes money to, and the prospective target businesses it has negotiated with, whereby such parties have waived any right, title, interest or claim of any kind they may have in or to any monies held in the trust account, there is no guarantee that they or other vendors who did not execute such waivers will not seek recourse against the trust account notwithstanding such agreements. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that a court will uphold the validity of such agreements. Accordingly, the proceeds held in the trust account could be subject to claims that could take priority over those of other ION shareholders.

The ION Sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to ION if and to the extent any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to it, or a prospective target business with which ION has entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or other similar agreement or business combination agreement, reduce the amount of

funds in the trust account to below the lesser of (i) $10.00 per Class A Ordinary Share or (ii) the actual amount per Class A Ordinary Share sold as part of the ION Units in the IPO held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account, if less than $10.00 per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, less taxes payable, provided that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective target business who executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the trust account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable) nor will it apply to any claims under ION’s indemnity of the underwriters in the IPO against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. Moreover, in the event that an executed waiver is deemed to be unenforceable against a third party, the Sponsor will not be responsible to the extent of any liability for such third-party claims. ION has not asked the ION Sponsor to reserve for its indemnification obligations, it has not independently verified whether the ION Sponsor has sufficient funds to satisfy such obligations, and it believes that the Sponsor’s only assets are securities of ION. As a result, if any such claims were successfully made against the trust account, the funds available for ION’s initial business combination and redemptions could be reduced to less than $10.00 per Class A Ordinary Share. In such event, ION may not be able to complete its initial business combination, and you would receive such lesser amount per Class A Ordinary Share in connection with any redemption of your Class A Ordinary Shares.

In the event that the proceeds in the trust account are reduced below the lesser of (i) $10.00 per Class A Ordinary Share or (ii) the actual amount per Class A Ordinary Share sold as part of the ION Units in the IPO held in the trust account as of the date of the liquidation of the trust account if less than $10.00 per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, in each case less taxes payable, and ION Sponsor asserts that it is unable to satisfy its obligations or that it has no indemnification obligations related to a particular claim, ION’s independent directors would determine whether to take legal action against the ION Sponsor to enforce its indemnification obligations.

While ION currently expects that its independent directors would take legal action on its behalf against the ION Sponsor to enforce its indemnification obligations to ION, it is possible that ION’s independent directors in exercising their business judgment and subject to their fiduciary duties may choose not to do so in any particular instance. If ION’s independent directors choose not to enforce these indemnification obligations, the amount of funds in the trust account available for distribution to ION shareholders may be reduced below $10.00 per share.

If, before distributing the proceeds in the trust account to ION shareholders, ION files a bankruptcy petition or an involuntary bankruptcy petition is filed against it that is not dismissed, the proceeds held in the trust account could be subject to applicable bankruptcy law, and may be included in ION’s bankruptcy estate and subject to the claims of third-parties with priority over the claims of ION shareholders. To the extent any bankruptcy claims deplete the trust account, the per share amount that would otherwise be received by ION shareholders in connection with ION’s liquidation may be reduced. There will be no liquidating distributions with respect to ION Warrants, which will expire worthless.

If ION is unable to complete the Business Combination with Taboola or another business combination within the required time period, ION will cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, liquidating and dissolving, subject to its obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. There can be no assurance that ION will properly assess all claims that may be potentially brought against it. As such, ION shareholders could potentially be liable for any claims to the extent of distributions received by them (but no more) and any liability of ION shareholders may extend well beyond the third anniversary of the date of distribution. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that third parties will not seek to recover from ION shareholders amounts owed to them by ION.

If ION is forced to file a bankruptcy case or an involuntary bankruptcy case is filed against it which is not dismissed, any distributions received by ION shareholders could be viewed under applicable debtor/creditor and/or

bankruptcy laws as either a “preferential transfer” or a “fraudulent conveyance.” As a result, a bankruptcy court could seek to recover all amounts received by ION shareholders. Furthermore, because ION intends to distribute the proceeds held in the trust account to ION shareholders promptly after the expiration of the time period to complete an initial business combination, this may be viewed or interpreted as giving preference to ION shareholders over any potential creditors with respect to access to or distributions from its assets. Furthermore, the Board may be viewed as having breached their fiduciary duties to ION’s creditors and/or may have acted in bad faith, and thereby exposing itself and the company to claims of punitive damages, by paying ION shareholders from the trust account before addressing the claims of creditors. There can be no assurance that claims will not be brought against it for these reasons.

At the time ION entered into the agreements for the Business Combination, it did not know how many ION shareholders will exercise their redemption rights, and therefore it structured the Business Combination based on its expectations as to the number of Class A Ordinary Shares that will be submitted for redemption. If a larger number of Class A Ordinary Shares are submitted for redemption than it initially expected, this could lead to a failure to consummate the Business Combination, a failure to maintain the listing of its securities on a national securities exchange, or a lack of liquidity, which could adversely affect its business, financial condition and results of operations.

The unaudited pro forma combined financial information in this proxy statement/prospectus is presented for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of what ION’s actual financial position or results of operations would have been had the Business Combination been completed on the dates indicated, or indicative of what ION’s or Taboola’s actual financial position or results of operation will be in the future. See the section entitled “Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Financial Information” for more information.

On April 12, 2021, the Acting Director of the Division of Corporation Finance and Acting Chief Accountant of the SEC together issued a statement regarding the accounting and reporting considerations for warrants issued by special purpose acquisition companies entitled “Staff Statement on Accounting and Reporting Considerations for Warrants Issued by Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (“SPACs”)” (the “SEC Statement”). Specifically, the SEC Statement focused on certain settlement terms and provisions related to certain tender offers following a business combination, which terms are similar to those contained in the warrant agreement governing our warrants. As a result of the SEC Statement, ION reevaluated the accounting treatment of our 5,175,000 public warrants and 7,175,000 private placement warrants, and determined to classify the warrants as derivative liabilities measured at fair value, with changes in fair value each period reported in earnings.

As a result, included on ION’s balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 contained elsewhere in this registration statement are derivative liabilities related to our warrants. Accounting Standards Codification 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), provides for the remeasurement of the fair value of such derivatives at each balance sheet date, with a resulting non-cash gain or loss related to the change in the fair value being recognized in earnings in the statement of operations. As a result of the recurring fair value measurement, our financial statements and results of operations may fluctuate after the Business Combination, based on factors, which are outside of our control. Due to the recurring fair value measurement, we expect that we will recognize non-cash gains or losses on our warrants after the Business Combination and that the amount of such gains or losses could be material.

Following this issuance of the SEC Statement, on April 12, 2021, ION’s management and audit committee concluded that, in light of the SEC Statement, it was appropriate to restate its previously issued audited financial statements as of and for the period ended December 31, 2020 (the “Restatement”). See “—ION’s warrants are accounted for as liabilities and the changes in value of our warrants could have a material effect on ION’s financial results and Taboola’s financial results upon assuming the warrants in connection with the Business Combination.” As part of such process, ION identified a material weakness in its internal controls over financial reporting.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented, or detected and corrected on a timely basis.

Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and prevent fraud. We continue to evaluate steps to remediate the material weakness. These remediation measures may be time consuming and costly and there is no assurance that these initiatives will ultimately have the intended effects.

If ION identifies any new material weaknesses in the future, any such newly identified material weakness could limit their ability to prevent or detect a misstatement of their accounts or disclosures that could result in a material misstatement of their annual or interim financial statements. In such case, we may be unable to maintain compliance with securities law requirements regarding timely filing of periodic reports in addition to applicable stock exchange listing requirements, investors may lose confidence in their financial reporting and their stock price may decline as a result. We cannot assure you that the measures ION has taken to date, or any measures it may take in the future, will be sufficient to avoid potential future material weaknesses.

Following the issuance of the SEC Statement, ION’s management and audit committee concluded that it was appropriate to restate ION’s previously issued audited financial statements as of December 31, 2020 and for the period from August 6, 2020 (inception) through December 31, 2020. See “—ION’s warrants are accounted for as liabilities and the changes in value of ION’s warrants could have a material effect on ION’s financial results and Taboola’s financial results upon assuming the warrants in connection with the Business Combination.” As part of the Restatement, ION identified a material weakness in its internal controls over financial reporting.

As a result of such material weakness, the Restatement, the change in accounting for the warrants, and other matters raised or that may in the future be raised by the SEC, we face potential for litigation or other disputes which may include, among others, claims invoking the federal and state securities laws, contractual claims or other claims arising from the Restatement and material weaknesses in ION’s internal control over financial reporting and the preparation of ION’s financial statements. As of the date of this registration statement, we have no knowledge of any such litigation or dispute. However, we can provide no assurance that such litigation or dispute will not arise in the future. Any such litigation or dispute, whether successful or not, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition or our ability to complete a Business Combination.

The completion of the Business Combination is subject to a number of conditions. The completion of the Business Combination is not assured and is subject to risks, including the risk that approval of the Business Combination by ION shareholders is not obtained or that there are not sufficient funds in the trust account, in each case, subject to certain terms specified in the Merger Agreement (as described under “The Merger Agreement and Ancillary Documents—Conditions to Closing”), or that other closing conditions are not satisfied. If ION does not complete the Business Combination, it could be subject to several risks, including:

It is intended that the Business Combination will qualify as a “reorganization” under the provisions of Section 368(a) of the Code, although, depending on the facts and circumstances, the Business Combination may fail to so qualify. There are many requirements that must be satisfied in order for the Business Combination to qualify as a reorganization under Section 368(a) of the Code, some of which are based upon factual determinations, and the reorganization treatment could be adversely affected by events or actions that occur or are taken after the Business Combination. One such requirement, among others, is that the acquiring corporation continue, either directly or indirectly through certain controlled corporations, either a significant line of the acquired corporation’s historic business or use a significant portion of the acquired corporation’s historic business assets in a business, in each case, within the meaning of Treasury regulations Section 1.368-1(d). However, due to the absence of guidance bearing directly on how the above rules apply in the case of an acquisition of a corporation with no active business and only investment-type assets, such as ION, the qualification of the Business Combination as a reorganization is not free from doubt. In addition, the treatment of the Merger as a reorganization would depend on whether sufficient stockholders of ION exchange their Class A Ordinary Shares for Taboola Ordinary Shares rather than redeem it for cash. If a significant number of stockholders of ION decide to redeem their Class A Ordinary Shares, the “continuity of business enterprise” requirement that is necessary to qualify as a reorganization under Sections 368(a)(1)(B) and 368(a)(2)(E) of the Code may not be satisfied and the requirement that ION retain “substantially all” of its assets to qualify as a reorganization under Section 368(a)(2)(E) of the Code may not be satisfied. The Company has undertaken to use reasonable best efforts to comply with certain covenants intended to support the qualification of the Business Combination as a “reorganization” under the provisions of Section 368(a) of the Code, but no assurances can be given that compliance with such covenants will be sufficient to ensure the Business Combination qualifies as a “reorganization”. Due to the absence of guidance bearing directly on whether an acquisition of a corporation with no active business can qualify as a “reorganization” under Section 368(a) of the Code, legal counsel to ION on U.S. federal income tax matters is not rendering an opinion regarding whether the Business Combination qualifies as a “reorganization” under Section 368(a) of the Code. No ruling has been, or will be, sought by ION or the Taboola from the IRS with respect to the Business Combination and there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge the qualification of the Business Combination as a “reorganization” under Section 368(a) of the Code or that a court would not sustain such a challenge.

If the Business Combination qualifies as a reorganization under Section 368(a) of the Code, a U.S. holder who owns Class A Ordinary Shares and exchanges such Class A Ordinary Shares for Taboola Ordinary Shares pursuant to the Business Combination or who owns ION Warrants, which become exercisable for Taboola Warrants in connection with the Business Combination generally should not be expected to recognize gain or loss on such exchange, subject to the discussion with respect to the rules applicable to passive foreign investment companies, PFICs, (see “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations—I. U.S. Holders—A. Tax Effects of the Business Combination to U.S. Holders —4. PFIC Considerations”) and certain rules under Section 367 of the Code (see “Certain U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations—I. U.S. Holders—A. Tax Effects of the Business Combination to U.S. Holders —3. Effects of Section 367 to U.S. Holders of ION Securities”).

If the Business Combination fails to qualify as a reorganization under Section 368(a) of the Code, holders of Class A Ordinary Shares would be treated as if they sold their Class A Ordinary Shares in a taxable transaction and would be taxable on the receipt of the Taboola Ordinary Shares in the Business Combination. Further, if the Business Combination fails to qualify as a reorganization under Section 368(a) of the Code, Holders of ION Warrants may be treated be treated as if they sold their ION Warrants in a taxable transaction in exchange for Taboola Warrants, but, as further discussed below in “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations—I. U.S. Holders—A. Tax Effects of the Business Combination to U.S. Holders —2. Additional Analysis for ION Warrants”, ION Warrants, which become exercisable for Taboola Warrants may not be considered to have been exchanged in a taxable

transaction. U.S. holders of Class A Ordinary Shares and U.S. holders of ION Warrants should consult with their tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of the Business Combination and the requirements that must be satisfied in order for the Business Combination to qualify as a reorganization under Section 368(a) of the Code.

For additional information, please read the section entitled “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations”. The tax consequences to you of the Business Combination will depend on your particular facts and circumstances. Please consult your own tax advisor as to the tax consequences of the Business Combination in your particular circumstances, including the applicability and effect of U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. income and other tax laws.

If Taboola is or becomes a “passive foreign investment company,” or a PFIC, within the meaning of Section 1297 of the Code for any taxable year (or portion thereof) during which a U.S. Holder (as defined in “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations”) holds Taboola Ordinary Shares or Taboola Warrants, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences may apply to such U.S. Holder.

Whether Taboola is treated as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes is a factual determination that must be made annually at the close of each taxable year and, thus, is subject to significant uncertainty. Accordingly, ION is unable to determine whether Taboola will be treated as a PFIC for the taxable year of the Business Combination or for future taxable years, and there can be no assurance that Taboola will not be treated as a PFIC for any taxable year. Moreover, Taboola does not expect to provide a PFIC annual information statement for 2021 or going forward. Please see the section entitled “Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” for a more detailed discussion with respect to Taboola’s potential PFIC status. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the possible application of the PFIC rules to holders of the Taboola Ordinary Shares or Taboola Warrants.

The Board did not obtain a third-party valuation or financial opinion in connection with its determination to approve the Business Combination. In analyzing the Business Combination, the Board and management conducted a due diligence review of Taboola and researched the industry in which Taboola operates and concluded that the Business Combination was in the best interests of ION shareholders. Accordingly, investors will be relying solely on the judgment of the Board in valuing Taboola’s businesses, and the Board may not have properly valued such businesses. The lack of a third-party valuation or financial opinion may also lead an increased number of ION shareholders to vote against the Business Combination or demand redemption of their Class A Ordinary Shares for cash, which could potentially impact ION’s ability to consummate the Business Combination.

If following the Business Combination any of Taboola’s large shareholders or members of its management were to sell substantial amounts of Taboola Ordinary Shares and/or Taboola Warrants in the public markets, or the market perceives that such sales may occur, this could have the effect of increasing the volatility in, and put significant downward pressure on, the trading price of Taboola Ordinary Shares and/or Taboola Warrants. Any such volatility or decrease in the trading price of Taboola Ordinary Shares and/or Taboola Warrants could also adversely affect Taboola’s ability to raise capital through an issue of equity securities in the future.

After the completion of the Business Combination, ION shareholders will own a smaller proportion of Taboola than they currently own of ION. Upon completion of the Business Combination, it is anticipated that ION shareholders (including the Sponsors and directors of ION), will own approximately 15.21% of Taboola Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after the consummation of the Business Combination. This percentage is calculated based on a number of assumptions, including that none of ION shareholders exercise their redemption rights. In

addition, of the current directors of ION, only Gilad Shany is expected to be elected as a member of the board of directors of Taboola. Consequently, ION shareholders, as a group, will not have a controlling interest in Taboola through their ownership and voting power in Taboola and, similarly, ION shareholders will not have a controlling interest in Taboola through representation on the board of directors of Taboola.

Taboola may issue additional Taboola Ordinary Shares or other equity securities in the future in connection with, among other things, future capital raising and transactions and future acquisitions, without your approval in many circumstances. Taboola’s issuance of additional Taboola Ordinary Shares or other equity securities would have the following effects:

At any time prior to the meeting of ION shareholders, during a period when they are not then aware of any material nonpublic information regarding ION or its securities, the Sponsors, directors and executive officers of ION and/or their respective affiliates may purchase Class A Ordinary Shares from institutional and other investors that vote, or indicate an intention to vote, against the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal, or execute agreements to purchase Class A Ordinary Shares from such investors in the future, or they may enter into transactions with such investors and others to provide them with incentives to acquire or vote their shares in favor of the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal. The purpose of such purchases and other transactions would be to increase the likelihood that the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal is approved. Entering into any such arrangements may have a depressive effect on the Class A Ordinary Shares. For example, as a result of these arrangements, an investor or holder may have the ability to effectively purchase Class A Ordinary Shares at a price lower than market and may therefore be more likely to sell the Class A Ordinary Shares it owns, either prior to or immediately after the Meeting of ION shareholders.

ION shareholders holding Class A Ordinary Shares may demand that ION redeem their Class A Ordinary Shares for a pro rata portion of the trust account, calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of the Business Combination. ION shareholders that seek to exercise this redemption right must deliver their share certificates (if any) and other redemption forms (as applicable) (either physically or electronically) to the Transfer Agent prior to the vote at the meeting of ION shareholders. ION shareholders who fail to properly demand redemption rights will not be entitled to redeem their Class A Ordinary Shares for a pro rata portion of the trust account. See the section entitled “Extraordinary General Meeting of ION Shareholders —Redemption Rights” for the procedures to be followed if you wish to redeem your Class A Ordinary Shares for cash.

An ION shareholder, together with any affiliate or any other person with whom he, she or it is acting in concert or as a partnership, syndicate, or other group, will be restricted from seeking redemption rights with respect to more than 20% of the issued and outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares. Accordingly, if you hold more than 20% of the issued and outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares and the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal are approved, you will not be able to seek redemption rights with respect to the full amount of your Class A Ordinary Shares and may be forced to hold the Class A Ordinary Shares in excess of 20% or sell them in the open market. There can be no assurance that the value of such excess Class A Ordinary Shares will appreciate over time following the Business Combination or that the market price of the Class A Ordinary Shares will exceed the per-share redemption price.

In the period leading up to the closing of the Business Combination, events may occur that, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, could result in ION agreeing to amend the Merger Agreement, to consent to certain actions taken by Taboola or to waive rights that ION is entitled to under the Merger Agreement. Such events could arise because of, among other events, changes in the course of Taboola’s businesses, a request by Taboola to undertake actions that would otherwise be prohibited by the terms of the Merger Agreement or the occurrence of other events that would have a material adverse effect on Taboola’s business. In any of such circumstances, it would be at ION’s discretion, acting through the Board, to grant its consent or waive those rights. The existence of the financial and personal interests of the directors described in this proxy statement/prospectus may result in a conflict of interest on the part of one or more of the directors between what he, she or they may believe is best for ION and what he, she or they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining whether or not to take the requested action. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, ION does not believe there will be any material changes or waivers that ION’s directors and officers would be likely to make after the mailing of this proxy statement/prospectus. ION will circulate a new or amended proxy statement/prospectus if changes to the terms of the Merger Agreement would have a material impact on ION shareholders are required prior to the vote on the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal.

ION is an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and Taboola is a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Israel. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the United States upon ION’s and/or Taboola’s directors or officers, or enforce judgments obtained in the United States courts against ION’s and/or Taboola’s directors or officers.

ION’s corporate affairs are governed by its amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Act (as the same may be supplemented or amended from time to time) and the common law of the Cayman Islands. ION is also subject to the federal securities laws of the United States. The rights of ION shareholders to take action against ION’s directors, actions by minority ION shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of ION’s directors to ION shareholders under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from English common law, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of ION shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of ION’s directors under Cayman Islands law are different from what they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a different body of securities laws as compared to the United States, and certain states, such as Delaware, may have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholders derivative action in a Federal court of the United States.

ION has been advised by Maples Group, ION’s Cayman Islands legal counsel, that the courts of the Cayman Islands are unlikely (i) to recognize or enforce against it judgments of courts of the United States predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or any state; and (ii) in original actions brought in the Cayman Islands, to impose liabilities against it predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or any state, so far as the liabilities imposed by those provisions are penal in nature. In those circumstances, although there is no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the United States, the courts of the Cayman Islands will recognize and enforce a foreign money judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits based on the principle that a judgment of a competent foreign court imposes upon the judgment debtor an obligation to pay the sum for which judgment has been given provided certain conditions are met. For a foreign judgment to be enforced in the Cayman Islands, such judgment must be final and conclusive and for a liquidated sum, and must not be in respect of taxes or a fine or penalty, inconsistent with a Cayman Islands judgment in respect of the same matter, impeachable on the grounds of fraud or obtained in a manner, or be of a kind the enforcement of which is, contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the Cayman Islands (awards of punitive or multiple damages may well be held to be contrary to public policy). A Cayman Islands Court may stay enforcement proceedings if concurrent proceedings are being brought elsewhere.

Taboola was incorporated under Israeli law and the rights and responsibilities of our shareholders are governed by Taboola’s amended and restated articles of association (as the same may be supplemented or amended from time to time) and Israeli law. These rights and responsibilities differ in some respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders of U.S. and other non-Israeli corporations. See “Risks Factors— Risks Relating to Our Incorporation and Location in Israel—Investors’ rights and responsibilities as our shareholders will be governed by Israeli law, which may differ in some respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders of non-Israeli companies.”

Taboola has been advised by its legal counsel in Israel, Meitar | Law Offices, that it may be difficult to initiate an action with respect to U.S. securities law in Israel. Israeli courts may refuse to hear a claim based on an alleged violation of U.S. securities laws reasoning that Israel is not the most appropriate forum to hear such a claim. In addition, even if an Israeli court agrees to hear a claim, it may determine that Israeli law and not U.S. law is applicable to the claim. If U.S. law is found to be applicable, the content of applicable U.S. law must be proved as a fact by expert witnesses which can be a time-consuming and costly process. Certain matters of procedure may also be governed by Israeli law. See “Enforceability of Civil Liability.”

As a result of all of the above, ION shareholders and shareholders of Taboola may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a corporation incorporated in the United States.

The trading prices of Taboola Ordinary Shares and Taboola Warrants may be volatile and, in the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the trading price of their securities have been subject to securities class action litigation. Taboola may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Securities litigation against Taboola could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention from other business concerns, which could adversely affect Taboola’s business.

A number of ION and Taboola directors and executive officers are not residents of the United States, and the majority of ION’s and Taboola’s assets and the assets of these persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for investors to effect service of process upon ION and/or Taboola within the United States or other jurisdictions, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States. Additionally, it may be difficult to assert U.S. securities law claims in actions originally instituted outside of the United States. Foreign courts may refuse to hear a U.S. securities law claim because foreign courts may not be the most appropriate forum in which to bring such a claim. Even if a foreign court agrees to hear a claim, it may determine that the law of the jurisdiction in which the foreign court resides, and not U.S. law, is applicable to the claim. Further, if U.S. law is found to be applicable, the content of applicable U.S. law must be proved as a fact, which can be a time-consuming and costly process, and certain matters of procedure would still be governed by the law of the jurisdiction in which the foreign court resides. See “Enforceability of Civil Liability.”

ION’s amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that in no event will ION redeem Class A Ordinary shares in an amount that would cause ION’s net tangible assets to be less than $5,000,001. However, the Merger Agreement provides that the parties’ obligation to consummate the Business Combination is conditioned on the amount in the trust account (after giving effect to ION shareholder redemptions) and the proceeds from the PIPE Investment and the Secondary Purchases equaling or exceeding $450,000,000. As a result, the Business Combination may be completed even though a substantial portion of ION shareholders do not agree with the transaction and have redeemed their shares or have entered into privately negotiated agreements to sell their Class A Ordinary Shares. Based on the amount of approximately $259 million in the trust account as of June 1, 2021, and taking into account the anticipated gross proceeds of up to approximately $286,200,000 from the PIPE Investment and the Secondary Purchases, approximately 9,520,000 Class A Ordinary Shares may be redeemed and still enable ION to have sufficient cash to satisfy the cash closing conditions in the Merger Agreement.

In the event the aggregate cash consideration that ION would be required to pay for all Class A Ordinary Shares that are validly submitted for redemption plus any amount required to satisfy cash conditions pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement exceeds the aggregate amount of cash available to us, it is possible that ION may not complete the Business Combination or redeem any shares, in that case all Class A Ordinary Shares submitted for redemption will be returned to the holders thereof, and ION instead may search for an alternate business combination. However, Taboola may, at its discretion, elect to waive the cash closing condition set forth in the Merger Agreement and the Business Combination may be completed even if the Class A Ordinary Shares that are validly submitted for redemption plus any amount required to satisfy cash conditions pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement exceeds the aggregate amount of cash available to us.

There can be no assurance as to the price at which an ION shareholder may be able to sell its Taboola Ordinary Shares in the future following the completion of the Business Combination. Certain events following the consummation of the Business Combination may cause an increase in the trading price of Taboola Ordinary Shares, and may result in a lower value realized now than an ION shareholder might realize in the future had the shareholder not redeemed its Class A Ordinary Shares. Similarly, if an ION shareholder does not redeem its Class A Ordinary Shares, the ION shareholder will bear the risk of ownership of Taboola Ordinary Shares after the consummation of Business Combination, and there can be no assurance that the ION shareholder can sell its Taboola Ordinary Shares in the future for a greater amount than the redemption price set forth for Class A Ordinary Shares in this proxy statement/prospectus. An ION shareholder should consult the ION shareholder’s own tax and/or financial advisor for assistance on how this may affect his, her or its individual situation.

ION shareholders who wish to redeem their shares for a pro rata portion of the trust account must, among other things, (i) submit a request in writing and (ii) deliver their share certificates (if any) and other redemption forms (as applicable) to the Transfer Agent electronically through the DWAC system at least two business days prior to the meeting of ION shareholders. In order to obtain a physical share certificate, an ION shareholder’s broker and/or clearing broker, DTC and the Transfer Agent will need to act to facilitate this request. It is ION’s understanding that ION shareholders should generally allot at least two weeks to obtain physical certificates from the Transfer Agent. However, because ION does not have any control over this process or over the brokers it may take significantly longer than two weeks to obtain a physical share certificate. If it takes longer than anticipated to obtain a physical certificate, ION shareholders who wish to redeem their shares may be unable to obtain physical certificates by the deadline for exercising their redemption rights and thus will be unable to redeem their shares.

ION shareholders electing to redeem their Class A Ordinary Shares will receive their pro rata portion of the trust account, calculated as of two business days prior to the anticipated consummation of the Business Combination. Please see the section entitled “Extraordinary General Meeting of ION Shareholders—Redemption Rights” for additional information on how to exercise redemption rights.

If, despite ION’s compliance with the proxy rules, an ION shareholder fails to receive ION’s proxy materials, such ION shareholder may not become aware of the opportunity to redeem its Class A Ordinary Shares. In addition, the proxy materials that ION is furnishing to holders of its Class A Ordinary Shares in connection with the Business Combination describes the various procedures that must be complied with in order to validly redeem Class A Ordinary Shares. In the event that an ION shareholder fails to comply with these procedures, its Class A Ordinary Shares may not be redeemed.

Certain statements in this proxy statement/prospectus may constitute “forward-looking statements” for purposes of the federal securities laws. Taboola’s forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding Taboola or its management team’s expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “appear,” “approximate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “foresee,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions (or the negative version of such words or expressions) may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Forward-looking statements in this proxy statement/prospectus may include, for example, statements about:

These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, and current expectations, forecasts and assumptions, and involve a number of judgments, risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date, and we do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements in deciding how to vote your proxy or instruct how your vote should be cast on the proposals set forth in this proxy statement/prospectus. As a result of a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties, our actual results or performance may be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Some factors that could cause actual results to differ include:

ION is furnishing this proxy statement/prospectus to its shareholders as part of the solicitation of proxies by the Board for use at the extraordinary general meeting (the “meeting”) of ION shareholders and at any adjournment or postponement thereof. This proxy statement/prospectus provides you with information you need to know to be able to vote or instruct your vote to be cast at the meeting.

The meeting will be held at 11:00 a.m. Eastern time, on June 28, 2021, at https://www.cstproxy.com/ionacquisitioncorp1/sm2021. In light of ongoing developments related to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, after careful consideration, ION has determined that the meeting will be a hybrid virtual meeting conducted via live webcast in order to facilitate shareholder attendance and participation while safeguarding the health and safety of our shareholders, directors and management team. For the purposes of Cayman Islands law and the ION Articles, the physical location of the meeting will be at the offices of White & Case LLP at 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10020. You or your proxyholder will be able to attend and vote at the meeting online by visiting https://www.cstproxy.com/ionacquisitioncorp1/sm2021 and using a control number assigned by Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, the transfer agent to ION. To register and receive access to the hybrid virtual meeting, registered shareholders and beneficial shareholders (those holding shares through a stock brokerage account or by a bank or other holder of record) will need to follow the instructions applicable to them provided in the proxy statement.

At the meeting, ION is asking its shareholders to consider and vote on:

At a meeting of the Board held on January 24, 2021, the Board unanimously determined that the form, terms and provisions of the Merger Agreement, including all exhibits and schedules attached thereto, including the Sponsor Support Agreement and the Taboola Shareholder Support Agreement, are in the best interests of ION, adopted and approved the Merger Agreement and the Transactions, determined to recommend to ION’s shareholders that they approve and adopt the Merger Agreement, the Sponsor Support Agreement and the Taboola Shareholder Support Agreement and approve the Business Combination and the other matters proposed in this proxy statement/prospectus and determined that the foregoing be submitted for consideration by ION’s shareholders at the extraordinary general meeting of ION’s shareholders. The Board unanimously recommends that shareholders vote “FOR” the Business Combination Proposal, “FOR” the Merger Proposal and “FOR” the Share Capital Proposal, and “FOR” the Adjournment Proposal if the Adjournment Proposal is presented to the meeting.

ION shareholders will be entitled to vote or direct votes to be cast at the meeting if they owned ION Ordinary Shares at the close of business on May 7, 2021, which is the record date for the meeting. Shareholders will have one vote for each ION Ordinary Share owned at the close of business on the record date. If your shares are held in “street name” or are in a margin or similar account, you should contact your broker, bank or nominee to ensure that votes related to the shares you beneficially own are properly counted. ION’s Warrants do not have voting rights. On the record date, there were 32,343,750 ION Ordinary Shares outstanding, of which 25,875,000 were Class A Ordinary Shares.

The presence or representation by proxy (which would include presence at the virtual meeting), of the holders of a majority of all the ION Ordinary Shares entitled to vote constitutes a quorum at the meeting. Abstentions will be counted as present for purposes of establishing a quorum. Broker non-votes will not be counted for purposes of establishing a quorum.

The approval of the Merger Proposal requires the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes cast by the shareholders present or represented by proxy and entitled to vote at the meeting. The approval of the Business Combination Proposal, the Share Capital Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes cast by the shareholders present or represented by proxy and entitled to vote at the meeting. Accordingly, assuming that a quorum is present, an ION shareholder’s failure to vote, as well as an abstention and a broker non-vote, will have no effect on the outcome of the Business Combination Proposal, the Merger Proposal, the Share Capital Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal.

Each Ordinary Share that you own in your name entitles you to one vote. Your proxy card shows the number of Ordinary Shares that you own. If your shares are held in “street name” or are in a margin or similar account, you should contact your broker to ensure that votes related to the Ordinary Shares you beneficially own are properly counted.

There are two ways to vote your Ordinary Shares at the meeting:

An abstention occurs when a shareholder attends a meeting, or is represented by proxy, but abstains from voting. At the meeting, abstentions will be counted as present for purposes of determining whether a quorum exists. Assuming that a quorum is present, an ION shareholders' abstention will have no effect on the outcome of the Business Combination Proposal, the Merger Proposal, the Share Capital Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal.

If no instruction as to how to vote is given (including no instruction to abstain from voting) in an executed, duly returned and not revoked proxy, the proxy will be treated as an abstention and will have no effect on the Business Combination Proposal, the Merger Proposal, the Share Capital Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal.

Broker non-votes are shares held in “street name” by brokers, banks and other nominees that are present or represented by proxy at the meeting, but with respect to which the broker, bank or other nominee is not instructed by the beneficial owner of such shares how to vote on a particular proposal and such broker, bank or other nominee does not have discretionary voting power on such proposal. Because, under NYSE rules, brokers, banks and other nominees holding shares in “street name” do not have discretionary voting authority with respect to any of the four proposals described in this proxy statement/prospectus, if a beneficial owner of shares of Ordinary Shares held in “street name” does not give voting instructions to the broker, bank or other nominee, then those shares will not be permitted under NYSE rules to be voted at the meeting, and thus will not be counted as present or represented by proxy at the meeting. The vote to approve the Business Combination Proposal, the Merger Proposal, the Share Capital Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal are based on the votes cast by the shareholders present or represented by proxy and entitled to vote at the meeting, not just the shares that are counted as present or represented by proxy at the meeting. As a result, assuming that a quorum is present, if you fail to issue voting instructions to your broker, bank or other nominee, it will have no effect on the outcome of the Business Combination Proposal, the Merger Proposal, the Share Capital Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal.

If you are a shareholder of record and you do not sign and return your proxy card by mail or vote at the meeting, your shares will not be voted at the meeting, will not be counted as present or represented by proxy at the meeting and will not be counted as present for purposes of determining whether a quorum exists.

As discussed above, under NYSE rules, brokers, banks and other nominees do not have discretionary voting authority with respect to any of the four proposals described in this proxy statement/prospectus. Accordingly, if you are the beneficial owner of shares held in “street name” and you do not issue voting instructions to your broker, bank or other nominee, your shares will not be voted at the meeting and will not be counted as present or represented by proxy at the meeting or counted as present for purposes of determining whether a quorum exists.

The vote to approve the Business Combination Proposal, the Merger Proposal, the Share Capital Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal is based on the votes cast by the shareholders present or represented by proxy and entitled to vote at the meeting, not just the shares that are counted as present or represented by proxy at the meeting. As a result, assuming that a quorum is present, if you fail to vote your shares, it will have no effect on the outcome of the Business Combination Proposal, the Merger Proposal, the Share Capital Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal.

If you are a shareholder and you give a proxy, you may revoke it at any time before it is exercised by doing any one of the following:

If you are a shareholder and have any questions about how to vote or direct a vote in respect of your ION Ordinary Shares, you may call Morrow Sodali LLC, ION’s proxy solicitor, by calling (800) 662-5200, or banks and brokers can call collect at (203) 658-9400, or by emailing IACA.info@investor.morrowsodali.com.

Any holder of Class A Ordinary Shares as of the record date may demand that ION redeem such Class A Ordinary Shares for a full pro rata portion of the trust account (which, for illustrative purposes, was approximately $10 per Class A Ordinary Share as of June 1, 2021), calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of the Business Combination. If a holder properly seeks redemption as described in this section and the Business Combination with Taboola is consummated, ION will redeem these Class A Ordinary Shares for a pro rata portion of funds deposited in the trust account and the holder will no longer own these Class A Ordinary Shares following the Business Combination.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, a holder of Class A Ordinary Shares, together with any affiliate or any other person with whom he or she is acting in concert or as a partnership, syndicate, or other group, will be restricted from seeking redemption rights with respect to more than 20% of the issued and outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares. Accordingly, all Class A Ordinary Shares in excess of 20% held by a shareholder, together with any affiliate or any other person with whom he or she is acting in concert or as a partnership, syndicate, or other group, will not be redeemed for cash.

Our Sponsors, officers and directors have entered into a letter agreement with us, pursuant to which they have agreed to waive their redemption rights with respect to their founder shares and any Class A Ordinary Shares they may hold in connection with the completion of the Business Combination.

Holders of Class A Ordinary Shares or ION Units who wish to exercise their redemption rights must (i) if they hold their Class A Ordinary Shares through ION Units, elect to separate their ION Units into the underlying Class A Ordinary Shares and ION Warrants and (ii) prior to 11:00 a.m., Eastern time, on June 24, 2021, (a) submit a written request to the Transfer Agent that ION redeem their share certificates (if any) and other redemption forms (as applicable) for cash and (b) deliver their Class A Ordinary Shares to the Transfer Agent physically or electronically using the DTC’s DWAC (Deposit and Withdrawal at Custodian).

If the shareholder holds its Class A Ordinary Shares in “street name,” they will have to coordinate with their broker to have their Class A Ordinary Shares certificated or delivered electronically. Class A Ordinary Shares that have not been tendered (either physically or electronically) in accordance with these procedures will not be redeemed for cash. There is a nominal cost associated with this tendering process and the act of certificating the Class A Ordinary Shares or delivering them through the DWAC system. The Transfer Agent will typically charge the tendering broker $45 and it would be up to the broker whether or not to pass this cost on to the redeeming shareholder. In the event the Business Combination is not consummated this may result in an additional cost to shareholders for the return of their Class A Ordinary Shares.

Any request for redemption, once made by a holder of public ordinary shares, may not be withdrawn once submitted to the Transfer Agent unless the Board determines (in its sole discretion) to permit the withdrawal of such redemption request (which it may do in whole or in part). A shareholder that has delivered its Class A Ordinary Shares to the Transfer Agent in connection with a redemption request who subsequently decides not to exercise redemption rights may withdraw the redemption request any time prior to the deadline for submitting redemption requests and thereafter, with our consent, until the Closing, by contacting the Transfer Agent and requesting that it return the Class A Ordinary Shares (physically or electronically) to such shareholder.

If the Business Combination is not approved or completed for any reason, then shareholders who elected to exercise their redemption rights will not be entitled to redeem their Class A Ordinary Shares for a pro rata portion of the trust account. In such case, ION will promptly return any Class A Ordinary Shares and share certificates (if any) delivered by such holders.

The closing price of the Class A Ordinary Shares on June 1, 2021, was $9.97. The cash held in the trust account on such date was approximately $259 million (approximately $10 per Class A Ordinary Shares). Prior to exercising redemption rights, shareholders should verify the market price of the Class A Ordinary Shares as they may receive higher proceeds from the sale of their Class A Ordinary Shares in the public market than from exercising their redemption rights if the market price per Class A Ordinary Share is higher than the redemption price. ION cannot assure its shareholders that they will be able to sell their Class A Ordinary Shares in the open market, even if the

market price per Class A Ordinary Share is higher than the redemption price stated above, as there may not be sufficient liquidity in its securities when its shareholders wish to sell their Class A Ordinary Shares.

If a holder of Class A Ordinary Shares exercises its redemption rights, then it will be exchanging its Class A Ordinary Shares for cash and will no longer own those Class A Ordinary Shares. A redeeming shareholder will be entitled to receive cash for these Class A Ordinary Shares only if, prior to the deadline for submitting redemption requests, it (a) properly demands redemption and (b) delivers its share certificates (if any) and other redemption forms (as applicable) (either physically or electronically) to the Transfer Agent, and the Business Combination is consummated.

If the number of redemptions exceeds the maximum redemption scenario described herein, ION may need to obtain additional debt or equity financing to the complete the Business Combination. Any such financing would require the prior written consent of Taboola.

None of the unit holders or warrant holders have appraisal rights in connection the Business Combination under the Companies Act. ION shareholders may be entitled to give notice to ION prior to the meeting that they wish to dissent to the Business Combination and to receive payment of fair market value for his or her ION shares if they follow the procedures set out in the Companies Act, noting that any such dissention rights may be limited pursuant to Section 239 of the Companies Act which states that no such dissention rights shall be available in respect of shares of any class for which an open market exists on a recognized stock exchange at the expiry date of the period allowed for written notice of an election to dissent provided that the merger consideration constitutes inter alia shares of any company which at the effective date of the merger are listed on a national securities exchange. ION believes that such fair market value would equal the amount which ION shareholders would obtain if they exercise their redemption rights as described herein.

ION is soliciting proxies on behalf of the Board. This solicitation is being made by mail but also may be made by telephone or on the Internet. ION and its directors, officers and employees may also solicit proxies by telephone or by other electronic means. ION will bear the cost of the solicitation.

ION has hired Morrow Sodali LLC to assist in the proxy solicitation process. ION has agreed to pay Morrow Sodali a fee of $32,500 plus disbursements.

ION will ask banks, brokers and other institutions, nominees and fiduciaries to forward the proxy materials to their principals and to obtain their authority to execute proxies and voting instructions. ION will reimburse them for their reasonable expenses.

As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, the Board does not know of any business to be presented at the meeting other than as set forth in the notice accompanying this proxy statement/prospectus. If any other matters should properly come before the meeting, it is intended that the shares represented by proxies will be voted with respect to such matters in accordance with the judgment of the persons voting the proxies.

These financial interests of the officers and directors, and entities affiliated with them, may have influenced their decision to approve the Business Combination. You should consider these interests when evaluating the Business Combination and the recommendation of the proposal to vote in favor of the Business Combination and other proposals to be presented to ION shareholders.

At any time prior to the meeting, during a period when they are not then aware of any material nonpublic information regarding ION or its securities, the Sponsors, Taboola and/or their respective affiliates may purchase shares from institutional and other investors who vote, or indicate an intention to vote, against the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal, or execute agreements to purchase shares from such investors in the future, or they may enter into transactions with such investors and others to provide them with incentives to acquire Class A Ordinary Shares or vote their Class A Ordinary Shares in favor of the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal. The purpose of such purchases and other transactions would be to increase the likelihood that the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal is approved. While the exact nature of any such incentives has not been determi